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Structures (ASV) > Lecture 24: Embryology of the Digestive System and Foregut > Flashcards

Lecture 24: Embryology of the Digestive System and Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

components of digestive tube

A

mouth, pharynx and esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus)

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2
Q

accessory organs to digestive process

A

teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

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3
Q

when primordial gut begins to develop

A

beginning of week 4

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4
Q

beginning of digestive tract

A

orophorengeal membrane, made of ectoderm and endoderm

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5
Q

stomodeum

A

orophorengeal membrane other name

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6
Q

fibroblast growth factors

A

establish anterior/posterior positioning of primordial gut

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7
Q

what signals for induction of endoderm

A

FGF-4 and activins

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8
Q

what does endoderm do in primordial gut formation

A

specifies temporal and positional information

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9
Q

derivatives of the foregut

A

primordial pharynx and derivatives (oral cavity, pharynx, tongue, tonsils, salivary glands, upper respiratory system)

lower respiratory system

esophagus and stomach

duodenum proximal to bile duct

liver, biliary appartus, pancreas

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10
Q

what separates esophagus?

A

T-E septum

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11
Q

makeup of esophagus

A

upper 1/3: striated muscles from pharyngeal arches

lower 1/3: smooth muscle from surrounding splanchnic mesenchyme

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12
Q

nerve supply to esophagus

A

CN X

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13
Q

main blood supply to esophagus

A

celiac trunk

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14
Q

epithelium effect on developing esophagus

A

obliterates the lumen but it then recanalizes

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15
Q

T-E septum during esophagus development

A

separates T-E structures

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16
Q

esophageal stenosis

A

narrow esophagus

due to incomplete recanalization during 8th week or failure of esophageal blood vessels to develop

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17
Q

when does stomach develop

A

week 4

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18
Q

shape change of developing stomach

A

tubular structure dilates –> fusiform enlargement

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19
Q

direction fusiform enlargement of stomach develops

A

anterior to posterior

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20
Q

posterior part of developing stomach

A

greater curvature

grows faster, toward vertebral column

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21
Q

anterior part of developing stomach

A

lesser curvature, grows slower, toward anterior abdominal wall

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22
Q

rotation of develop stomach

A

weeks 4-6

90 degrees in a clockwise fashion

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23
Q

innervation of stomach wall

A

vagus nerve
L vagus: anterior
R vagus: posterior

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24
Q

dorsal mesogastrium

A

aka greater omentum

dorsal mesentery of stomach region, suspends stomach to posterior abdominal wall during rotation/development

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25
Q

dorsal mesogastrium creates

A

an omental bursa as it rotates to left during stomach rotation

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26
Q

ventral mesogastrium

A

suspends stomach and duodenum to liver and ventral abdominal wall

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27
Q

omental bursa

A

big hole formed by clefts in dorsal mesogastrium that coalesce

allows movement of stomach

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28
Q

greater omentum

A

layers of dorsal mesogastrium elongate and fuse, become greater omentum- fatty sheath lining abdominal cavity

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29
Q

what is enlarged in overweight people

A

omentum - becomes very fatty

30
Q

congenital pyloric stenosis

A

extreme narrowing of pyloric lumen of pyloric canal- muscular valve- so food passage is obstructed

results in projectile vomiting

3/1000 births, more males than females

31
Q

derivation of duodenum

A

begins week 4; continues into 5-6

dually derived from: foregut proximal to level of bile gut & mudgut

has dual blood supply

32
Q

blood supply to duodenum

A

celiac artery

superior mesenteric artery

33
Q

duodenum rotation

A

loop projects ventral, rotates to the right

34
Q

duodenum recanalization

A

week 5-6, lumen becomes obliterated, then recanalizes

35
Q

duodenal stenosis

A

partial occlusion of duodenal lumen, due to incomplete recanalization from defection vacuolization

causes back up in stomach and so stomach contents/bile are vomited

36
Q

duodenal atresia

A

complete occulsion, very atretic, so hardly any duodenum; in segment, and no recanalization

can happen in 1 or more duodenum segments

20-30% of cases- associated with Down syndrome

37
Q

polyhydramnios

A

duodenal atresia that causes build up of excess amniotic fluid in amniotic cavity, so on U/S see dark bubble next to stomach

38
Q

hepatic (ventral) diverticulum in foregut occurs/becomes

A

week 4, becomes liver (large part) and gall bladder (small part)

39
Q

induction for hepatic diverticulum

A

fibroblast growth factors from heart that act on bipotential cells

40
Q

derivation of hepatic diverticulum

A

epithelium, distal end of foregut

41
Q

derivates of mesdoerm of septum transversum

A

hematopoietic cells, kupffer cells, conenctive tissue cells

42
Q

derivation of ventral mesentery

A

mesoderm of septum transversum that becomes lesser omentum and falciform ligament

43
Q

derivation of common bile duct

A

connection between hepatic diverticulum and foregut

44
Q

gall bladder function

A

stores secretions from liver, emulsifies lots of fatty type foods

45
Q

kupffer cells

A

liver macrophages derived from mesenchyme in septum transversum

46
Q

derivatives of mesenchyme in septum transversum

A

kupffer cells and hematopoetic tissue

47
Q

derivatives of endodermal cells in hepatic diverticulum

A

hepatic cords > sinusoids

48
Q

right or left lobe of liver bigger?

A

right

49
Q

hematopoiesis in liver occurs

A

6 weeks

50
Q

bile formation in liver occurs

A

12 weeks

51
Q

stalk of diverticulum derivative

A

cystic duct

52
Q

bile duct connects

A

hepatic and cystic ducts to duodenum

53
Q

movement of common bile duct

A

entrance of common bile duct moves posteriorly with stomach rotation

54
Q

ventral mesentery derivatives that persist

A

falciform ligament, lesser omentum = hepatogastric ligament, hepatoduodenal ligament

55
Q

hepatogastric ligament connects

A

liver to abdominal wall

56
Q

ventray mesentery forms

A

visceral peritoneum of liver

57
Q

accessory hepatic ducts

A

variation in liver lobulation, usuall asymptomatic, matters during surgery

58
Q

extrahepatic biliary atresia

A

1:10000 to 1:15000 incidence; due to failure of ducts to canalize or fetal infection

59
Q

pancreas derivation

A

2 bus of foregut endodermal cells

60
Q

how pancreas forms

A

duct of dorsal (larger) bud and ventral bud of foregut rotate posteriorly, fuse, form main pancreatic duct

61
Q

location of pancreas

A

dorsal abdominal wall

62
Q

growth factor for ventral pancreatic bud

A

FGF-2

63
Q

growth factor for dorsal pancreatic bud

A

notochord secretes activin and FGF-2

64
Q

exocrine histogenesis of pancreas

A

endodermal tubules branch, form acinar cells and ducts

65
Q

endocrine histogenesis of pancrease

A

clumps of cells from exocrine part form islets

66
Q

annular pancreas

A

if portion of ventral pancreatic bud that goes anteriorly improperly fuses around duodenum, causes duodenal obstruction

67
Q

derivation of spleen

A

mesenchyme within dorsal megogastrium

68
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

connects stomach to spleen

69
Q

spleen functions

A

hematopoiesis, immune system

70
Q

accessory spleen

A

10% incidence, associated w/ heart disease

Structures (ASV) (30 decks)

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