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Structures (ASV) > Lecture 19: Embryonic Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Embryonic Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

cardiogenic mesoderm of heart primordium

A

epiblast cells ahead of precordal plate that migrate through primitive groove as mesoderm forms, and will become heart

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2
Q

angioblastic cords

A

pairs of vessels that will make pair of aorta and then fuse to become single aorta

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3
Q

where does heart begin in fetus?

A

above chest

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4
Q

what comes down to chest during folding

A

cardiogenic mesoderm, pericardial sac, septum transversum

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5
Q

why no circulation through lungs in fetus

A

because lungs haven’t formed and no air/oxygen in the lungs, so don’t need blood circulation

therefore blood pumps out of aortic arches, oxygenated blood is used by fetus’s tissues, and then carried back to heart by vein

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6
Q

cranial to caudal, parts of embryonic single heart tube

A

aortic sac, truncus arteriosis, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, sinus venosus

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7
Q

where veins entering into heart tube go through

A

from ylk sac, through sinus venosus, to embryonic heart

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8
Q

why single heart tube folding occurs

A

genes tell heart to fold, and cells proliferate more rapidly on 1 side causing cranial fold

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9
Q

fetal heart circulation

A

blood goes into sinus spinosis - ventricle - bulbus cordis - aortic sac - 1st pharyngeal arch artery

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10
Q

endocardial cushions

A

2 mounds of tissue that separate primordial atria from ventricle and divide heart into R and L atrio-ventricular canals

also play role in AV valve formation (mitral, tricuspid)

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11
Q

papillary muscles

A

hold tissue strands growing from walls of ventricles to endocardial cushion in places

will become the AV valves

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12
Q

interventricular septum

A

separates R and L ventricles

muscular, membranous parts

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13
Q

muscular part of interventricular septum

A

ingrowth of cardiac mesoderm that grows toward cardiac cushions

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14
Q

membranous interventricular septum

A

tissue that grows from endocardial cushions and meets up with muscular part of septum

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15
Q

ventriculo septal defect

A

in membranous portion of interventricular septum most likely

when thin tissue there doesn’t grow closed properly and so child needs surgery to close it

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16
Q

leaflets that partition right and left primitive atrium

A

septum primum, septum secundum

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17
Q

septum primum

A

starts from posterior wall of primitive atrium, grows toward endocardial cushion; as grows, little fenestrations within so blood can get from R to L atria

includes foramen primum and foramen secundum

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18
Q

foramen primum

A

little space that remains in septum primum so blood can pass from R to L atria; eventually is fused/obligerated

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19
Q

foramen secundum

A

growth of fenestrations in septum primum causes this opening

it remains into development of heart, doesn’t get obliterated - becomes the foramen ovale

20
Q

foramen ovale

A

remnant of the septum secundum

passage between 2 atrial cavities through which blood flows from right to left atrium

21
Q

septum secundum

A

second septum in atria

is anterior to septum primum

leaves opening in development of heart so blood can flow from R to L atria through foramen ovale

22
Q

structures associated with primitive atria

A

septum primum, foramen primum, septum secundum, foramen ovale

23
Q

where a stroke in a young person could go across

A

foramen ovale

24
Q

foramen ovale function

A

right to left shunt
allows blood to bypass fetal lungs
closes after birth when pulmonary vascular resistance decreases and left atrial pressure increases

25
Q

conotruncal ridges (bulbar, truncal)

A

form in truncus arteirosis and part of bulbus cordis

26
Q

aorticopulmonary septum

A

formed by ridges of right superior truncus and left inferior truncus growing toward the aortic sac, swelling and twisting around each other

meets interventricular septum

divides truncus into aorta and pulmonary artery

27
Q

aorta v pulmonary artery re: outflow

A

aorta- L ventricular outflow tract

pulmonary artery- R ventricular outflow tract

28
Q

order of aorta/pulmonary trunk and why

A

pulmonary trunk- more ventral, aorta- more dorsal, because of spiraling

29
Q

2 types of valves

A

semilunar, atrioventricular

30
Q

semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonic

aortic: separates aorta from left ventricle
pulmonic: separates arteries from right ventricle

31
Q

derivation of semilunar valves

A

swellings in subendocardial region

usually 3 cusps/seminlunar portions, although have a bicuspid aortic valve

32
Q

types of AV valves

A

tricuspid: right atria to right ventricle
mitral: left atria to left ventricle

33
Q

derivation of atrioventricular valves

A

proliferation of tissue around endocardial cushions/A-V canals

34
Q

dorsal aorta

A

initially, pair of tubes; fuses to form single dorsal aorta; connects w/ aortic arches; aortic arches connect to aortic sac in primitive heart tube

35
Q

paired dorsal aortae

A

each paired arch is assocaited with a pharyngeal arch; they connect to aortic sac

36
Q

how many aortic arches develop

A

6; do not all develop at the same time

37
Q

what is descending aorta result of

A

fused dorsal aorta

38
Q

pharyngeal arches

A

pair to form aortic arch

39
Q

left 4th pharyngeal arch

A

becomes much of aortic arch

40
Q

left 6th pharyngeal arch

A

becomes left pulmonary artery and ductus ateriosis

41
Q

ductus arteriosis

A

derivative of left 6th pharyngeal arch

shunt in fetal pulmonary artery that shunts blood through to aorta instead of going to lungs

42
Q

3 pairs of primitive veins

A

all empty into sinus vinosus; will contribute to vena cava and primitive blood return to heart

vitelline veins- drain yolk sac (low O2)

umbilical veins- form placenta (high O2)

common cardinal veins- from body of embryo (low O2)

43
Q

what happens to R umbilical vein?

A

it disappears

44
Q

what carries blood from mom to fetus?

A

L umbilical vein

only vein in umbilical cord

has ductus venosus shunt to shunt blood back to heart, doesn’t go through liver like normally does

45
Q

derivatives of superior vena cava

A

right anterior cardinal vein, right common cardinal vein

46
Q

tetrology of fallot components

A

frequent abnormality

due to unequal partitioning of truncus arteriosis from spinous arteriosis

4 cardiovascular alterations:

  1. pulmonary stenosis (narrow right ventricular outflow region)
  2. ventricular septal defect
  3. overriding aorta
  4. right ventricular hypertrophy
47
Q

do embryonic umbilical arteries have high or low O2 content?

A

they have the highest O2 content of the embryonic veins

Structures (ASV) (30 decks)

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