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Life-Span Human Development > T5D2 > Flashcards

T5D2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define lifespan

A

The maximum number of years a person can live (now at 120-125)

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2
Q

Define life expectancy

A

The number of years an average person will live born in a certain place and time (now at 78).

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3
Q

Define young-old

A

65-84

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4
Q

Define oldest-old

A

85 and older

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5
Q

Define centenarian

A

100 years and older

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6
Q

Define supercentenarian

A

110 years or older

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7
Q

Overall life expectancy for women and men

A

Women: 81
Men: 76

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8
Q

Women live longer, but

A

have more non-life threatening illnesses than men

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9
Q

All gender differences are influenced by

A

nature (biology) and nurture (environment, society)

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10
Q

Describe Free-Radical Theory

A

Free radicals are by-products of the metabolism of cells (metabolism=using energy)

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11
Q

Free radicals damage

A

cells

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12
Q

Anti-oxidants can do what related to free radicals

A

Anti-oxidants can possibly reduce the free radical damage to cells.

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13
Q

Define allostasis

A

Physiological processes in response to stress

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14
Q

Define Allostatic load

A

Body wears down because of constant allostasis and makes the person more prone to disease

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15
Q

Stress mindset, don’t think of stress as

A
  • a threat
  • a demoralizer
  • pressure
  • overwhelming
  • debilitating
  • don’t focus on problems
  • don’t fight stress
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16
Q

Stress mindset, think of stress as

A
  • a challenge
  • a motivator
  • an opportunity
  • manageable
  • energizing
  • focus on possibilities
  • embrace stress
17
Q

Discuss shrinking and slowing related to the aging brain

A
  • shrinkage of neurons
  • lower number of synapses
  • shorter axons
  • reduced myelination
18
Q

What part of the brain shows most decline in aging

A

Pre-frontal cortex shows most decline (complex reasoning, working memory)

19
Q

Two things that slow the aging process of the brain

A

Exercise and cognitive (intellectual) challenges slow the aging process of the brain!

20
Q

Define Perceived control

A

Research has shown that giving elders control over their environment makes them happier, healthier and live longer.

Examples: choosing their food, activities and who can come in their room

21
Q

Sexual activity in old age is related to what

A

Sexual activity in old age is positively related to health in old age.

22
Q

Three normal age-related changes in cognitive functioning

A
  • Harder to ignore distracting information
  • Harder to focus and stay focused
  • Lower executive functions (planning, info processing)
23
Q

Six executive function processes

A
  • Planning
  • Organizing
  • Prioritizing
  • Shifting
  • Memorizing
  • Checking
24
Q

Define Dementia

A

An umbrella term for any neurological disorder that involves the deterioration of mental functioning

25
Q

Define Alzheimer Disease

A

Progressive, irreversible brain disorder with gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and eventually physical function

26
Q

Causes of Alzheimer Disease

A
  • Deficiency in acetylcholine (important in memory)
  • ’Plaques’
  • ’Tangles’
  • ’Oxidative stress’
27
Q

Define Plaques

A

Dense build up of proteins in blood vessels of the brain

28
Q

Define Tangles

A

Twisted protein fibers build up in neurons

29
Q

Oxidative stress

A

Not coping well with free radicals attacks

30
Q

Alzheimer Disease prevention

A

Improve cardiac functioning through diet, medicines and exercise

31
Q

Define Parkinson Disease

A

Progressive disease with muscle tremors and facial paralysis caused by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons

32
Q

Treatment option for Parkinson Disease

A

Deep Brain Stimulation

33
Q

Define Spirituality

A

Experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner (beyond understanding) and living in a way that benefits others and society.

34
Q

Spirituality and religion will help you what

A

Spirituality and religion will help you cope with stressful life-events and make you live longer!

Life-Span Human Development (14 decks)

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