T4D1 Flashcards
Define Adolescence
A time of evaluation, decision making and finding a place in the world
For adolescents to reach their full potential they need what
opportunities and long-term support from adults who care about them
7 factors of puberty in males in order
Penis and testicle growth Pubic hair Voice change First ejaculation Growth in height & weight Armpit hair Facial hair
6 factors of puberty in females in order
Growth in height and widening of the hips Breast growth Pubic hair Armpit hair Menarche (9-15) ovulation
Definition and timeframe for menarche
Girl’s first menstruation (9-15). Ovulation 1-2 years later
Definition and timeframe for spermarche
Boy’s first ejaculation with live sperm (15). Ejaculation without sperm around 13-14
Secular trend in puberty
The declining age of menarche
5 Influences on timing of menarche
Stress
Nutrition
Genetics
Body weight
How does body weight influence timing of menarche
Fat produces the hormone Leptin which triggers menarche
How does genetics influence timing of menarche
Timing of mother can predict timing for daughters
How does stress influence timing of menarche
Early menarche under extreme stressful circumstances (leaving a ‘hostile nest’)
How does nutrition influence timing of menarche
Certain chemicals in foods have been linked to problems in sexual differentiation and timing of menarche
What does Developmental cognitive neuroscience study related to the brain and adolescence
Study of connections between development, brain and cognitive processes
What does Developmental social neuroscience study related to the brain and adolescence
Study of connections between development, brain and socioemotional processes
Limbic System influence on brain and adolescence
Emotions and experience of rewards. Matured at beginning of adolescence
Prefrontal Cortex influence on brain and adolescence
Self-control, planning and reasoning. Matured around age 18-25
Adolescents have very strong emotions and what
Adolescents have very strong emotions and no skills to control them
Adolescence is the bridge between what
the asexual child and the sexual adult. They need to incorporate sexuality into their identity
Sexuality is a normal part of adolescent development
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (2012)
12,000 adolescents
Average age of first sexual experience
16
Define Abstinence programs
teach abstinence only
Define comprehensive programs
teach abstinence and contraception
Comprehensive programs have been proven what
NOT to increase sexual activity and to reduce the risk of teenage pregnancy and STI’s
10 risk factors for smoking and drinking by adolescents
- chaotic home environment
- ineffective parenting
- little mutual attachments and nurturing
- inappropriate, shy, or aggressive classroom behavior
- academic failure
- low academic aspirations
- poor social coping skills
- affiliations with peers
- perceived external approval of drug use
- parental substance abuse or mental illness
6 protective factors against smoking and drinking by adolescents
- strong family bonds
- parental engagement in child’s life
- clear parental expectations and consequences
- academic success
- strong bonds with pro-social influences
- conventional norms about drugs and alcohol
Risk factors and treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Problems in family
Functioning
(perfectionism)
Treatment:
Family therapy
Risk factors for Bulimia Nervosa
Problems controlling
Emotions (emotional
eating)
Treatment:
Cognitive therapy, teaches not to cope with food, think before eating/purging
Discuss Piaget’s
Formal Operational Stage
Starts at age 12 and continues through adulthood.
- Hypothetical-deductive problem solving
- Thinking about own thoughts
- Idealism and fantasy about the future. “What if..?”
Define David Elkind
Adolescence Egocentrism
High self-consciousness, very sensitivity to what other people think of them
David Elkind Adolescence Egocentrism, define Imaginary audience
The young teenager’s belief that everybody is watching everything they do
David Elkind Adolescence Egocentrism, define Personal Fable
Young teenagers feel they are invincible (‘it cannot happen to me’) and that their life is completely unique, “other people crash their cars, not me”
The evolutionary standpoint on the teenage mind
Emotional engine in high-gear makes risk-taking tendencies to propel them into the world. Passion to be with peers is vital to leaving parents. Unique qualities of adolescent mind enables them to make leap into world.
Summary of video on Mappiness
Measures emotions, Phone app beeps twice a day to measure happiness, 32,500 people signed up, determined that “blue monday” was a myth
Summary of class survey on sex
People’s beliefs and age of first sex experience differ
Summary of poll on if teens are entitled to privacy
slightly more said yes, entitled to privacy
Four parts of study on teens and alcohol
- negative effects of alcohol use
- support, supervision, communication, and attachment of family
- parent’s behavior with alcohol
- resisting peer pressure
