T3D1

Question 1

Synaptogenesis and myelination in childhood?

Answer 1

Synaptogenesis and myelination continues in childhood

Question 2

Frontal lobes control what

Answer 2

our ability to plan and organize new actions and to focus on a task (maintain attention)

Question 3

Frontal lobes mature (myelinate) when

Answer 3

last

Question 4

Where are childhood obesity rates in America

Answer 4

Compared to 34 countries, America is #2 in rates of childhood obesity

Question 5

Should food be used as a reward?

Answer 5

No, leads to emotional eating

Question 6

Descr variation in obesity rates

Answer 6

Statistically, in America obesity rates are higher in rural areas and among the poor

Question 7

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage, Age 2-7, define egocentrism

Answer 7

Thinking that everybody sees things from the same perspective as you (three mountain task)

Question 8

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage, Age 2-7, define animism

Answer 8

thinking that an inanimate object (stuffed animal) is alive

Question 9

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage, Age 2-7, define symbolic function

Answer 9

Mentally representing objects that are not present (make drawings)

Question 10

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage, Age 2-7, define artificialism

Answer 10

Humans make everything in nature “Daddy can turn off the moon”

Question 11

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage, Age 2-7, define no identity constancy

Answer 11

somebody changes as their appearance changes

Question 12

Define Preoperational thinking

Answer 12

Children are not able to look past the way things look at first glance

Question 13

What is the three mountains task?

Answer 13

Illustrates egoism, a child in a preoperational stage will pick a photo from their perspective when asked what someone else sees from a different perspective

Question 14

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage, define Preoperational thinking

Answer 14

Children are not able to look past the way things look at first glance
(age 2-7)

Question 15

Describe ages and maturation of brain

Answer 15

5yr: not mature

Preteen: still not mature, less focusing and organizing

Teen: frontal lobes still not mature

20 yr: frontal lobes mostly mature

Question 16

Summary of video on gravity error on tubes

Answer 16

Baby ignores curved tube and checks cup immediately below cup where object is placed, rather than understanding the curved tube

Question 17

Summary of video of girl who can’t recognize dad after shaving beard

Answer 17

Illustrates “no identity constancy,” dad changed when his costume (beard) changed

Question 18

Summary of video of baby and quarters video

Answer 18

Illustrates Piaget’s preoperational thinking, the child thought the row that was longer had more quarters until counting them. Blue water experiment– taller glass has more water

Question 19

Piaget’s Preoperational (2nd) Stage: Conservational tasks, number

Answer 19

Two rows with same number of objects, one is lengthened, child reports longer row has more objects

Question 20

Piaget’s Preoperational (2nd) Stage: Conservational tasks, matter

Answer 20

Two same size balls of clay, one is lengthened, child reports longer one has more clay

Question 21

Piaget’s Preoperational (2nd) Stage: Conservational tasks, length

Answer 21

Two same size sticks, one is moved to the right, child reports stick moved is longer

Question 22

Define Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 22

Vygotsky’s term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to master alone but can be learned with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children (visualize ven diagram or concentric circles)

Question 23

Piaget’s preoperational stage– when does transition happen with conservation

Answer 23

Transition happens between age 5-7, done at age 8.

Question 24

Define scaffolding (Vygotsky’s Theory)

Answer 24

Step-by-step teaching a new skill on a child’s level.

Don’t do it for them (no ‘spoon-feeding’), help them do it themselves

Question 25

Discuss working memory and age related to information processing

Answer 25

Capacity grows with age

Question 26

Define Executive function related to information processing

Answer 26

Higher-level thinking: managing thoughts (mental tricks to stay on task, hot thoughts=not managing and cool thoughts=managing), goal directed thinking (staying on task with a goal in mind), self-control (not ripping up a frustrating test). Linked to development of frontal lobes of the brain

Question 27

Define theory of mind

Answer 27

The understanding that ‘we live in different heads’. Other people have different thoughts than us.

Question 28

How to measure theory of mind

Answer 28

One way to measure it is with the ‘false belief task’

Children age 3 will fail the false belief task, children age 4-5 will get it.

Question 29

Summarize video of boy with juice box, mean monkey, and flour/muffins

Answer 29

Illustrates false belief task and theory of mind, juice box is full of ribbons, boy says juice is in box, after being shown ribbons, boy says he thought ribbons were in box, says his friend should think ribbons are in box, flour and muffins trial illustrates theory of mind, mean monkey trial illustrates inability to deceive at younger ages and ability to deceive at 18 mos

Question 30

According to Vygotsky, when can educators help a child most

Answer 30

When they are in the ZPD

Question 31

Measurement for autism

Answer 31

Children with autism have trouble with theory of mind

Question 32

Summary of marshmallow test video

Answer 32

Shows managing thoughts, goal-directed thinking. Children given option of eating one marshmallow now or two when teacher comes back, children try to distract themselves to wait to meet goal of getting two

Question 33

Summary of cookie monster video

Answer 33

Shows executive function self-control, “But me wait”

Question 34

Because of pruning, brain activation shifts from what to what

Answer 34

scattered larger areas to more localized, smaller areas