T2D1

Question 1

Newborns are born with how many neurons

Answer 1

100 billion neurons

Question 2

Define Synaptogenesis

Answer 2

Forming new connections (at the synapses) between the neurons in the brain. Lifelong process

Question 3

Myelination

Answer 3

Forming of a fatty layer around the axons of the neurons to speed up transmission of neural signals. Completed in early twenties

Question 4

Two processes happening in an infants brain

Answer 4

Overproduction and pruning of synaptic connections

Question 5

What is overproduction and pruning of synaptic connections in an infant’s brain

Answer 5

You only keep what you use and need and then get rid of the rest=maturation of the brain

Question 6

Because of pruning we lose what

Answer 6

A lot of details, like differences in faces of other races or sounds from other languages

Question 7

Neuroconstructivist view of an infants brain

Answer 7

Brain development is 
influenced both by genes 
and environment.  The 
environment is important 
in providing opportunities 
for development

Question 8

Summary of twin babies video

Answer 8

Twins talking, appear to understand each other, but language development is not there

Question 9

Babies and faces video summary

Answer 9

Demonstrates pruning of synapses. Under 6 months, the babies focusing on all the faces of the lemurs. Over 9 months, the babies could no longer see the difference between lemur faces.

Question 10

Sleeping problems: emotional availability at bedtime is linked to what

Answer 10

(having a loving bed time routine) is linked to better sleeping

Question 11

Excessive crying the first 3 months (colic) possibly caused by what

Answer 11

caused by immature nervous system

Question 12

Important to exposes babies to different things is important because

Answer 12

keeping lots of synaptic connections

Question 13

Summary of video of doctor stopping babies crying

Answer 13

Doctor hold baby by folding arms and gently bobbing baby, mimics womb and amniotic sac

Question 14

Description of newborn perception: high amplitude sucking

Answer 14

Measures ability to perceive different sounds and memory of older sounds

Question 15

Description of newborn perception: habituation and dishabituation

Answer 15

Habituation describes becoming familiar with a stimulus; dishabituation describes renewal of interest when presented with a new stimulus.

Question 16

Description of newborn perception: Visual preference method

Answer 16

A research method that measures how long an infant looks at different stimuli to measure if infants can distinguish one stimulus from another

Question 17

Description of newborn perception: orienting response and eye-tracking

Answer 17

Eye tracking measures eye movements to show exactly what the baby is focusing on, measures perceptual and cognitive development, can show if a baby has autism

Question 18

Summary of eye tracking and autism video

Answer 18

Researchers used eye tracking to measure declines in attention span of babies later diagnosed with autism. Babies with autism don’t focus on eyes and faces.

Question 19

Five factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) prevention

Answer 19

• put infant to sleep on back
• give pacifier before sleeping
• breastfeed
• no exposure to second-hand smoke or maternal smoking
• don’t share the same bed as the infant
• have a fan running in the infant’s bedroom

Question 20

American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for breastfeeding

Answer 20

exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months and one year after that as supplemental feeding

Question 21

HIV status and breastfeeding?

Answer 21

HIV is transmitted through breast milk, so HIV positive mothers should not breastfeed