T3 - Opisthorchiasis

Question 1

• parasitic infection caused by liver flukes of the genus Opisthorchis
• infect the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts of humans and other mammals

Answer 1

Opisthorchiasis

Question 2

two species under genus Opisthorchis

Answer 2

1. Opisthorchis viverrini
2. Opisthorchis felineus

Question 3

life cycle pattern of Opisthorchis

Answer 3

1. Embryonated egg excreted in feces into freshwater environments
2. eggs ingested by snail
3. free-swimming cercariae encyst in skin or flesh of fresh water fish
4. metacercariae in flesh or skin of fresh water fish
5. fish ingested by human host
6. excyst in duodenum
7. adults in biliary duct

Question 4

mode of transmission of Opisthorchis

Answer 4

consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing metacercariae

Question 5

Pathogenesis of Opisthorchis

Answer 5

1. adult flukes reside in bile ducts, causing mechanical irritation and inflammation
2. overtime, can lead to fibrosis, epithelial hyperplasia, and increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma

Question 6

symptoms of Opisthorchis

Answer 6

1. abdominal pain
2. indigestion
3. fatigue
4. diarrhea or constipation
5. jaundice

Question 7

Diagnosis for Opisthorchiasis

Answer 7

1. ultrasonography
2. CT scan
3. MRI
4. cholangiography
5. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
6. stool specimen

Question 8

ERCP

Answer 8

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Question 9

Geographical distribution of Opisthorchis viverrini

Answer 9

• northeast Thailand
• Laos
• Cambodia
• central and southern Vietnam

Question 10

Geographical distribution of Opisthorchis felineus

Answer 10

• Italy
• Germany
• Belarus
• Russia
• Kazakhstan
• Ukraine

Question 11

people at risk for opisthorchiasis

Answer 11

1. people who consume raw or undercooked fish where the parasite occurs
2. Asian or European travelers or immigrants

Question 12

treatment for Opisthorchiasis

Answer 12

1. praziquantel
2. albendazole

Question 13

praziquantel dose

Answer 13

25 mg/kg orally 3 times a day for 2 days

Question 14

albendazole dose

Answer 14

10 mg/kg orally once a day for 7 days

Question 15

prevention for opisthorchiasis

Answer 15

1. avoid eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish from countries where the disease occur
2. cook fish to atleast 145F or ~63C
3. freeze at -20C for atleast 7 days
4. freeze at -35C for atelast 15 hours
5. freeze at -35C and store at -20 for atleast 24 hours