N5 - Angiostrongyliasis Flashcards
1
Q
- disease caused by parasitic nematodes from the Angiostrongylus genus
- primary hosts are rats, specifically black, brown, and cloud rats
A
Angiostrongyliasis
2
Q
two species that cause angiostrongyliasis
A
- A. cantonensis
- A. costaricensis
3
Q
life cycle of Angiostrongylus
A
- eggs hatch in the lungs or in ileum, and first-stage larvae are passed in rodent feces
- first-stage larvae shed from definitive host are ingested by gastropod intermediate host
- larvae reach the infective (thrid) stage after two molts in the intermediate host
- third-stage larvae are ingested by definitive host
4
Q
mode of transmission
A
- accidental ingestion of gastropod or larvae
- larvae migrate to brain where it dies or to instestinal wall where it may mature
5
Q
pathogenesis of Angiostrongylus
A
- A. cantonensis = larvae migrate to brain, dies, cause inflammation and eosinophilic meningitis
- A. costaricensis = larvae travel to wall of intestines to mature. Adult worms may produce eggs, causing inflammation and eosinophilic enteritis
6
Q
symptoms of eosinophilic meningitis
A
- severe headache
- diplopia
- paresthesia
- hypoeresthesia
- seizures
- neck stiffness
- low-grade fever
- body aches
- fatigue
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- blindness, paralysis, or death
7
Q
symptoms for eosinophilic enteritis
A
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- fever
- fatigue
- intestinal perforation
- diarrhea
- peritonitis
8
Q
diagnosis for A. cantonensis
A
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
9
Q
diagnosis for A. costaricensis
A
endoscopy with biopsy
10
Q
geographic distribution of A. cantonensis
A
- Southeast Asia
- Pacific islands
- australia
- japan
- south america
- southeastern US
- caribbean
- africa
- canary islands
- balearic islands
11
Q
distribution of A. costaricensis
A
- north, south, and central america
- carribean
- spain and zaire
12
Q
who is at risk for Angiostrongyliasis
A
- people who live in or travel to areas with A. cantonensis or A. costaricensis
- people who eat raw or undercooked snails or slugs infected with the parasite
- people who eat raw vegetables
13
Q
treatment for A. cantonensis
A
- analgesics
- removal of CSF
- corticosteroids
- anthelmentic therapy
14
Q
treatment for A. costaricensis
A
no specific treatment
15
Q
prevention for Angiostrongyliasis
A
- avoid eating raw or undercooked slugs, freshwater shripts, land crabs, frogs, centipedes, and lizards, as well as contaminated vegetable
- thoroughly wash vegetables
- remove rodent from your home and garden
