C6 - Cystic Echinococcosis Flashcards
1
Q
- Also known as hydatid disease
- a parasitic infection caused by a tapeworm
- leads to the formation of cysts in organs such as the liver and lungs
- These cysts can grow slowly and often go unnoticed for years
A
cystic echinococcosis
2
Q
causes cystic echinococcosis
A
Echinococcus granulosus
3
Q
life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus
A
- embryonated egg in feces
- egg ingested by intermediate host; oncosphere hatches and penetrates intestinal wall
- hyatid cyst develop in various organs
- definitive ingest cyst containing protoscolices
- scolex attach to intestine
- adult in small intestine
4
Q
penetrate the intestinal wall and travel through the bloodstream
A
oncosphere
5
Q
what do oncospheres develop into
A
hydatid cysts
6
Q
what do hydatid cysts contain
A
protoscolices
7
Q
pathogenesis of echinococcus
A
- ingestion of eggs
- oncosphere release
- oncosphere migrate via bloodstream
- cyst formation
- if cyst ruptures, it cal lead to severe allergic reactions or secondary cyst formation in other body parts
8
Q
mode of transmission of echinococcus
A
- ingestion of parasite egg from contaminated food, water, or soil
- direct contact with infected animals
- consuming contaminated raw or undercooked meat
9
Q
symptoms of cystic echinococcus
A
- abdominal pain
- nausea and vomiting
10
Q
diagnosis for cystic echinococcosis
A
- MRI
- blood test
- ultrasonography
- serological test
- radiographic examination
11
Q
geographic distribution of Echinococcus granulosus
A
- temperate zones
1. mediterranean regions
2. southern
3. central parts of russia
4. central asia
5. china
6. australia
7. america esp south america
8. north and east africa
12
Q
who is at risk of cystic echinococcosis
A
- people in endemic areas
- animal handlers and farmers
- people who consume contaminated food and water
- live in unhygenic environments
- veterinarians and wildlife workers
- children
13
Q
treatment for cystic echinococcosis
A
- antiparasitic medications
- PAIR procedure
- surgery
14
Q
antiparasitic medication
A
- albendazole
- mebendazole
15
Q
minimally invasive technique where the cyst is drained and treated with a scolicidal agent
A
PAIR procedure:
- puncture
- aspiration
- injection
- reaspiration
16
Q
preventions for cystic echinococcosis
A
- wash hands regularly
- drink clean water
- avoid contact with stray dogs
- dog regular deworming
