N6 - Trichinellosis

Question 1

• a zoonosis caused by small nematodes or roundworms of the genus Trichinella
• can affect both animals and humans
• has been associated with the consumption of uncooked meat from infected swine

Answer 1

trichinosis

Question 2

causes trichinosis

Answer 2

Trichinella spiralis

Question 3

first discovered Trichinella spiralis

Answer 3

James Paget

Question 4

first described the encysted larval form of Trichinella spiralis in muscles

Answer 4

Richard Owen

Question 5

discovered the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 5

Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

male Trichinella spiralis

Answer 6

1. 1.5mm
2. half length of female
3. presence of claspers
4. die as soon after fertilizing female

Question 7

pair of pear shaped clasping papillae used to hold female during mating

Answer 7

claspers

Question 8

female Trichinella spiralis

Answer 8

1. 3mm
2. twice length of male
3. viviparous and discharges larva instead of eggs
4. die after 4 weeks to 4 mon

Question 9

life cycle pattern of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 9

1. ingestion of undercooked meat
2. larva released in small intestine
3. adults in small intestine
4. larva deposited in mucosa
5. encysted larva in striated muscle

Question 10

how many times does Trichinella spiralis molt to reach adult stage

Answer 10

4

Question 11

cell where Trichinella spiralis enxyst

Answer 11

nurse cell (muscle cell)

Question 12

mode of transmission of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 12

eating raw or undercooked flesh of animals containing viable encysted roundworm larvae

Question 13

whre does the larvae of Trichinella spiralis penetrate

Answer 13

lymphatics or venules and are disseminated via bloodstream

Question 14

pathogenesis of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 14

1. intestinal invasion
2. muscle invasion
3. enxystation

Question 15

intestinal invasion of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 15

• low grade infection
• worms migrate in intestinal epithelium
• 12hr-2 days

Question 16

muscle invasion of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 16

• damage blood vessels
• death from myocarditis may occur
• onset within 1-4 weeks

Question 17

encystation of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 17

• occurs only in striated muscles
• infective larve become encysted

Question 18

symptoms of Trichinella spiralis during intestinal invasion

Answer 18

1. diarrhea
2. abdominal pain
3. constipation
4. nausea
5. vomiting

Question 19

symptoms of Trichinella spiralis during larval migration into muscle tissues

Answer 19

1. fever-associated chills
2. eyelid/facial edema
3. conjunctivitis
4. uneasiness
5. muscle pain
6. itchy skin

Question 20

occasional life-threatening manifestations of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 20

1. heart failure
2. pneumonia
3. encephalitis

Question 21

diagnosis for Trichinella spiralis

Answer 21

1. blood tests
2. muscle biopsy
3. enzyme immunoassay
4. meat inspection
5. molecular techniques
6. serology
7. radiological
8. Bachmann intradermal test

Question 22

geographical distribution of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 22

• most common in Europe and US
• has cosmopolitan distribution
• mostly associated with farm ecosystems

Question 23

who is at risk of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 23

people who eat raw or undercooked pork or wild game

Question 24

treatment for Trichinella spiralis

Answer 24

1. albendazole
2. mebendazole
3. pain relievers
4. steroid medication

Question 25

prevention for _Trichinella_ _spiralis_

Answer 25

1. cook meat in safe temperatures 2. wash hands 3. freeze pork less than 6 in thick for 20 days at 5F 4. swine and other livestock should be kept from eating dead carcasses 5. total isolation of animals 6. stop practive of feeding animals with raw garbage