N3 - Elephantiasis Flashcards
1
Q
causes filariasis
A
Wuchereria bancrofti
2
Q
life cycle pattern
A
- infection
- maturation
- reproduction
3
Q
infection stage of W. bancrofti
A
- infected female Culex bites a human
- 3rd stage larve of W. bancrofti deposited on man’s skin
- larvae enters and reach lymphatic channels
- settle in inguinal, scrotal or abdominal lymphatics
4
Q
maturation stage W. bancrofti
A
microfilariae metamorphase into adult after 5-18 mon
5
Q
reproduction stage of W. bancrofti
A
- adult worms undergo copulation
- females give birth to larva which become new generation of microfilariae
6
Q
larval development in mosquitoes
A
- microfilariae reach to stomach
- microfilariae shed sheaths, penetrate mosquito’s midgut and migrate to thoacic muscles
- after 2 days, it change into 1st stage larvae, having rudimentary gut
- larvae molt in 3-7 days
- turns to 3rd stage larva after 10th day
- migrate to head and mosquito’s proboscis
7
Q
mode of transmission
A
get infected by mosquito carrying a filariform larva
8
Q
symptoms of filariasis
A
- filarial fever
- headache
- lymphangitis
- lymphadenitis
9
Q
diagnosis of elephantiasis
A
- blood smear examination/microscopic blood examination
- polymerase chain reaction(PCR)
- immunochromatographic card tests
- serological tests
- xenomonitoring
- antigen detection tests
- ultrasound imaging
10
Q
key regions affected by elephantiasis
A
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Asia
- Western Pacific
- Caribbean
- South America
11
Q
who is at risk of elephantiasis?
A
- peole living in endemic areas
- travelers and migrants to endemic regions
- people in occupations with high exposure
- children in endemic areas
- individuals in areas with poor vector control
12
Q
treatment of elephantiasis
A
diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
13
Q
most common side effects of DEC
A
- dizziness
- nausea
- fever
- headache
- pain in muscles or joints
14
Q
prevention of elephantiasis
A
avoid mosquito bites
