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NU 308 - Health Assessment > T3 - Chapter 9 Skin, Hair, and Nails > Flashcards

T3 - Chapter 9 Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Cancer Risk Factors

A
  • History of cancer
  • family history
  • excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation
  • fair skin, blonde and red hair
  • blue or green eyes
  • moles
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2
Q

What are the structures of the head?

A 
Skull: 6 bones
-frontal
-parietal x2
-temporal x2
-occipital 
Face 14 bones
Facial Muscles
-controlled by cranial nerves 5 and 7
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3
Q

What are the three head sizes?

A 
Noemocephalic: 
-normal (symmetric and proportionate)
Macrocephalic:
-abnormally large
Microcephalic 
-abnormally small
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4
Q

Normal head inspection findings

A
  • symmetry in features and bones
  • skull should be firm
  • no lumps or lesions
  • temporal artery should be smooth and non tender
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5
Q

Types of headaches

A 
Cluster
Migraine
Tension
Sinus
Post Traumatic
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6
Q

Cluster Headache

A

Most painful
Last 30 min to an hour
Repeats daily for 6-12 weeks
Remission is an average of 12 months

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7
Q

Migraine

A 
Starts with aura, cause by vasospasm
Lasts up to 72 hours
Causes:
-depression
-irritability 
-photophobia 
-nausea
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8
Q

Tension

A

Most common between age 20 and 40
Bilateral pain may be confined to one area (occipital, temporal..)
Gradual onset, may last several days

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9
Q

Post traumatic

A 
After head injury (concussion)
Symptoms 
-Dull pain
-inability to concentrate 
-dizziness
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10
Q

Sinus

A

Caused by allergies or cold

Pain face

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11
Q

Two vision tests

A

Near sighted

  • rosenbaum chart
  • people over 40
  • 14 inches away

Farsighted

  • Snellen chart
  • 20 feet away
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12
Q

Visual abnormalities

A 
Leaning to see the chart
Squinting
Blinking
Hesitancy 
Vision not 20/20
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13
Q

Peripheral vision or confrontation test

A

Face sitting 2-3 feet away

Cover one eye move an object from far to close and test when patient can see it

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14
Q

Eye inspection

A 
Eyes
Eyebrows 
Eyelashes
Eyelids
Look for:
Symmetry, skin characteristics, and discharge
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15
Q

Pupils and cornea Testing

A

PERRLA
Pupils are equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation
Pupils should constrict when looking close
Pupils should dilate when looking far

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16
Q

Eye movement testing

A 
6 Cardinal fields of gaze
-star or H pattern
-nerves 3, 4, and 6
Cover uncover test
-should have no movement
Corneal Reflex
-cotton ball only on unconscious patient
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17
Q

What is chalazoin

A

Nodule of melibomian gland

covers most of the eyelid

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18
Q

What is conjunctivitis

A 
Inflammation of palpebral or bulbar conjunctiva
Cause by:
-contacts
-allergies
-pink eye
-chemical reaction 
Findings:
Redness and sticky discharge
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19
Q

What are cataracts

A 
Opacity of lens from denatured lens protein by age or trauma
Findings:
Blurry vision
Cloudiness
Halo around lights
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20
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy

A 
Visual alteration cause by diabetes
Leading cause of blindness
Detachment of retina, curtain over eye
Findings
Decreased vision
Hemorrhage or micro aneurisms 
Exudate
Vessel formation
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21
Q

What is glaucoma

A

Group of diseases that increase intraocular pressure
Findings
Loss of vision without pain

22
Q

Glaucoma risk factors

A

Age over 40
Genetics
Diabetes/ HTN

23
Q

General ear assessment

A 
Alignment 
Symmetry 
Color
Darwin tubercle
Normal conversation hearing
24
Q

Hearing assessment

A 
Tests cranial nerve 8
Whisper Test 
Finger rub test
Weber Test
-sensorineural (top of head)
Rinse Test
-conductive (sides)
25
Q

Inner ear inspection

A

Some wax is normal

Tympanic membrane should be shiny/ pearl gray

26
Q

Colors of tympanic membrane

A 
Yellow/amber
-fluid being the membrane
Redness
-infection in general
Chalky White
-middle ear infection 
Red streaks
-increased blood flow (cause by allergies)
27
Q

Wax (cerumen) removal

A 
Loop
Drops
Wax candle
Do not irrigate if perforated
No odor should be present
28
Q

What causes a hematoma?

A

Direct trauma, usually a contact sport

29
Q

What is an ear carcinoma

A

Cancer of the skin, patch of crusty skin or waxy bump

30
Q

What is cauliflower ear

A

Thickened disfigured auricle resulting from repeat trauma

  • wrestling
  • red flag if seen in kids
31
Q

Ear Problem:

Foreign Body

A

Frequent in children
S/S:
Pain, drainage, fever
Decreased hearing

32
Q

What is Otitis Media

A 
Middle ear infection 
S/S
Fever, pain
Vomiting (infants)
Decreased hearing
Pulling at ears
Red/ bulging TM
White or yellow drainage
33
Q

What is otitis media with effusion

A 
Ear infection with fluid build up
S/S 
Hearing/ balance problems
Clicking or popping
No fever or pain
Retracted TM
34
Q

Types of hearing loss

A

Conductive or Sensorineural

35
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Interference if air conduction to middle ear
Mechanical problem
Wax build up
Scarring of otitis externa

36
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A 
90% of hearing loss
Caused by prebycusis
Bilateral deafness with loss of high pitch tones 
Nerve damage
Transmission problem
37
Q

Nose inspection

A 
Palpate for tenderness
Assess patency (able to breathe from both nostrils)
38
Q

Mouth inspection

A

Inspect lips, gums, teeth, tongue, tonsils, and anterior/posterior pillars

39
Q

Lips inspection

A 
Color, moisture, and texture
Pale: anemia or shock
Cyanotic: blue, hypoxemia
Dry: dehydration
Cracks: vitamin B deficit
40
Q

Teeth inspection

A

Findings:

If patient does drugs, tobacco, was or is a smoker

41
Q

Tongue inspection

A

Tongue should be moist and bumpy
Able to stick tongue out (cranial nerve 12)
Smooth: Vit B deficit
Hairy tongue: antibiotics use, pipe smoker, super infection

42
Q

What is tonsillitis

A 
Bacterial infection 
S/S
Sore throat
Fever/ chills
Swollen nodes
Ear pain
43
Q

What is candidiasis

A

Thrush
Common in immunocompromised and with antibiotics
S/S
Soft white plaque on tongue
Treat with swish and spit, do not peel off

44
Q

What is herpes of the mouth

A 
Type 1 herpes
Highly contagious cold sore
S/S
Stress, allergies, extended sun exposure
Burning/ tingling/ pain before outbreak
Lesion on lips or around mouth
White ulcers inside the mouth
45
Q

What is gingivitis

A 
Inflammation of the gums
Caused by
Poor dental care
S/S
Bleeding gums
Redness/ swelling
Hyperplasia
46
Q

What is an aphthous ulcer

A

Canker sore
Appear around mouth, lips, and tongue
Round/ oval ulcer yellow white center and red halo
Last up to 2 weeks

47
Q

Neck assessment

A

Inspect ROM
Palpate thyroid
Palpate lymph nodes

48
Q

What is hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive production and secretion of thyroid hormone

49
Q

S/S of hyperthyroidism

A 
Intolerance to heat
Bulging eyes
Facial flushing
Clubbing
Tremors
Diarrhea 
Edema
Weight loss
Tachycardia
50
Q

What is hypothyroidism

A

Decreased production of thyroid hormone

51
Q

S/S if hypothyroidism

A 
Hair loss
Cold intolerance 
Facial edema
Extreme fatigue
Slow speech
Anorexia
Brittle nails and hair
Constipation
Dry skin

NU 308 - Health Assessment (15 decks)

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