T3- Ch 9 Skin Hair and Nails

Question 1

Atopic Dermatitis

Answer 1

Chronic superficial inflammation of skin
No known cause
S/S
Red, weeping, crusted lesions 
Mostly found on hands, arms, legs, and feet

Question 2

Scabies

Answer 2

Highly contagious infestation of the mite sarcoptes scabiei
S/S
Sever pruritus caused by sensitivity to mite and its feces
Small lesions, and burrows
Mostly affects hands, wrists, axillae, genitalia, and inner thigh

Question 3

Spider bite

Answer 3

Minimal symptoms at first
After a few hours
Redness, abdominal pain, and fever
Development of ulcer dark red or purple looking

Question 4

Lyme disease

Answer 4

Caused by tick bite
Red circle rash around bite with central clearing
Flu like symptoms

Question 5

Impetigo

Answer 5

Bacterial infection caused by group A streptococcus
Mostly occurs in hot humid climate and poor sanitation
Erythematous macule that becomes a vesicule
Turns honey color after burst
Mostly occur on face

Question 6

Cellulitis

Answer 6

Acute streptococcus or staphylococcus infection
Any age and any skin
Skin is red, warm and tender
May be streaks

Question 7

Candidiasis

Answer 7

Thrush, fungal infection
Mostly in mouth, can affect skin
Affects superficial layer
Appears as scaling red rash with obvious borders
Usually grouped but occasionally one is separate

Question 8

Chicken pox

Answer 8

Herpes varicella 
Mostly found in children 
First lesions on trunk then they spread
Lesions form at different times
Erupt and crust over

Question 9

Shapes of lesions

Answer 9

Round
Annular
Iris
Gyrate

Question 10

Patterns of lesions

Answer 10

Singular
Grouped/ clustered
Polycyclic
Confluent
Linear
Zosteriform
Generalized

Question 11

Round or oval lesions

Answer 11

Solid appearance with no central clearing

Question 12

Annular

Answer 12

Round with central clearing

Question 13

Iris

Answer 13

Pink macule with purple concentric ring

Question 14

Gyrate

Answer 14

Snake like appearance

Question 15

Singular pattern

Answer 15

Single lesion, remain separate

Mosquito bite

Question 16

Grouped or clustered pattern

Answer 16

Lesions that bunch together in small groups

Ex herpes or impetigo

Question 17

Polycyclic pattern

Answer 17

Annular lesions that contact one another as they grow and spread

Question 18

Confluent pattern

Answer 18

Lesions that merge and run together over large areas

Question 19

Linear pattern

Answer 19

Lesions that form in a line

Ex poison ivy

Question 20

Zosteriform pattern

Answer 20

Lesions that follow a merger

Ex herpes zoster

Question 21

Generalized pattern

Answer 21

Lesions that are scattered all over the body

Ex chicken pox

Question 22

Braden Scale Ranges

Answer 22

6-9 very high risk
10-12 high risk
13-14 moderate risk
15-18 at risk
19+ no risk

Question 23

Cool skins indicates

Answer 23

Hypothermia or shock
May be caused by hypothyroidism
Localized cool skin indicates poor perfusion

Question 24

Hot skin indicates

Answer 24

Hyperthermia may be associated with fever or hyperthyroidism or exercise
Localized may associate inflammation, infection, traumatic injury, or thermal injury

Question 25

What is diaphoresis

Answer 25

Excessive sweating w/o strenuous activity Causes Anxiety, pain, or shock May indicate hyperthyroidism

Question 26

Skin turgor should be..

Answer 26

Immediate recoil | No tenting

Question 27

Excessively thick skin is caused by..

Answer 27

Diabetes mellitus | Abnormal build up of collagen

Question 28

Excessively thin skin is..

Answer 28

Shiny Transparent Seen with hyperthyroidism, arterial insufficiency, or aging

Question 29

Alopecia is..

Answer 29

Hair loss caused by a disease or disorder

Question 30

Koilonychia (spooning)

Answer 30

Thin depressed nail | Associated with anemia or iron deficiency

Question 31

Types of lesions

Answer 31

Primary Secondary Vascular

Question 32

Primary lesions

Answer 32

``` Moles Freckles Patches Acne (Postule) Tumor Vessicle Bulla (blister) Cyst ```

Question 33

Secondary skin lesions

Answer 33

``` Scale Lichenification Keloid Scar Excoriation (scratches, scabies) Fissure (cracks) Crust (scab over abrasion) Erosion Ulcer (only loss to dermis) ```

Question 34

Vascular skin lesion

Answer 34

Petechiae (tiny hemorrhages) Purpura (larger hemorrhage caused by bleeding or infection) Ecchymosis (bruise) Angioma Telangiectasia (dilation of small blood vessels)

Question 35

Pressure Ulcers stage 1

Answer 35

Intact skin redness over bony prominence

Question 36

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

Answer 36

Partial thickness May look shiny or dry Pink wound bed No slough

Question 37

Stage 3 pressure ulcer

Answer 37

Full thickness skin loss Visible subcutaneous tissue, no bone or muscle Slough, undermining or tunnels may be present

Question 38

Stage 4 pressure ulcer

Answer 38

Full thickness loss Bone, muscles, and tendons are visible Slough or escar, tunneling and mining may be present

Question 39

Unstageable Pressure ulcer

Answer 39

Full thickness loss | Wound bed not visible, covered by slough or eschar