T3- Ch 9 Skin Hair and Nails Flashcards
Atopic Dermatitis
Chronic superficial inflammation of skin No known cause S/S Red, weeping, crusted lesions Mostly found on hands, arms, legs, and feet
Scabies
Highly contagious infestation of the mite sarcoptes scabiei
S/S
Sever pruritus caused by sensitivity to mite and its feces
Small lesions, and burrows
Mostly affects hands, wrists, axillae, genitalia, and inner thigh
Spider bite
Minimal symptoms at first
After a few hours
Redness, abdominal pain, and fever
Development of ulcer dark red or purple looking
Lyme disease
Caused by tick bite
Red circle rash around bite with central clearing
Flu like symptoms
Impetigo
Bacterial infection caused by group A streptococcus
Mostly occurs in hot humid climate and poor sanitation
Erythematous macule that becomes a vesicule
Turns honey color after burst
Mostly occur on face
Cellulitis
Acute streptococcus or staphylococcus infection
Any age and any skin
Skin is red, warm and tender
May be streaks
Candidiasis
Thrush, fungal infection
Mostly in mouth, can affect skin
Affects superficial layer
Appears as scaling red rash with obvious borders
Usually grouped but occasionally one is separate
Chicken pox
Herpes varicella Mostly found in children First lesions on trunk then they spread Lesions form at different times Erupt and crust over
Shapes of lesions
Round
Annular
Iris
Gyrate
Patterns of lesions
Singular Grouped/ clustered Polycyclic Confluent Linear Zosteriform Generalized
Round or oval lesions
Solid appearance with no central clearing
Annular
Round with central clearing
Iris
Pink macule with purple concentric ring
Gyrate
Snake like appearance
Singular pattern
Single lesion, remain separate
Mosquito bite
Grouped or clustered pattern
Lesions that bunch together in small groups
Ex herpes or impetigo
Polycyclic pattern
Annular lesions that contact one another as they grow and spread
Confluent pattern
Lesions that merge and run together over large areas
Linear pattern
Lesions that form in a line
Ex poison ivy
Zosteriform pattern
Lesions that follow a merger
Ex herpes zoster
Generalized pattern
Lesions that are scattered all over the body
Ex chicken pox
Braden Scale Ranges
6-9 very high risk 10-12 high risk 13-14 moderate risk 15-18 at risk 19+ no risk
Cool skins indicates
Hypothermia or shock
May be caused by hypothyroidism
Localized cool skin indicates poor perfusion
Hot skin indicates
Hyperthermia may be associated with fever or hyperthyroidism or exercise
Localized may associate inflammation, infection, traumatic injury, or thermal injury
What is diaphoresis
Excessive sweating w/o strenuous activity
Causes
Anxiety, pain, or shock
May indicate hyperthyroidism
Skin turgor should be..
Immediate recoil
No tenting
Excessively thick skin is caused by..
Diabetes mellitus
Abnormal build up of collagen
Excessively thin skin is..
Shiny
Transparent
Seen with hyperthyroidism, arterial insufficiency, or aging
Alopecia is..
Hair loss caused by a disease or disorder
Koilonychia (spooning)
Thin depressed nail
Associated with anemia or iron deficiency
Types of lesions
Primary
Secondary
Vascular
Primary lesions
Moles Freckles Patches Acne (Postule) Tumor Vessicle Bulla (blister) Cyst
Secondary skin lesions
Scale Lichenification Keloid Scar Excoriation (scratches, scabies) Fissure (cracks) Crust (scab over abrasion) Erosion Ulcer (only loss to dermis)
Vascular skin lesion
Petechiae (tiny hemorrhages)
Purpura (larger hemorrhage caused by bleeding or infection)
Ecchymosis (bruise)
Angioma
Telangiectasia (dilation of small blood vessels)
Pressure Ulcers stage 1
Intact skin redness over bony prominence
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
Partial thickness
May look shiny or dry
Pink wound bed
No slough
Stage 3 pressure ulcer
Full thickness skin loss
Visible subcutaneous tissue, no bone or muscle
Slough, undermining or tunnels may be present
Stage 4 pressure ulcer
Full thickness loss
Bone, muscles, and tendons are visible
Slough or escar, tunneling and mining may be present
Unstageable Pressure ulcer
Full thickness loss
Wound bed not visible, covered by slough or eschar
