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NU 308 - Health Assessment > T3 - Chapter 13 Abdomen > Flashcards

T3 - Chapter 13 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lining that covers the whole abdominal cavity and keeps things confined to that space

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2
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

thin layer that covers organs

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3
Q

what does the peritoneal cavity contain?

A

fluid that reduces friction between organs

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4
Q

what is the superior border of abdomen?

A

diaphragm

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5
Q

what forms the inferior border of abdomen?

A

pelvis

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6
Q

what is the pH of the stomach?

A

2-4

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7
Q

what is the function of the stomach? what enzymes does it use?

A
  • pepsin breaks down proteins to peptones and amino acids
  • gastric lipase breaks down triglycerides to fatty acids or glycerol
  • liquifies food into chyme and moves it to duodenum
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8
Q

who much urine needs to build up in your bladder to feel like you need to pee?

A

300mL

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9
Q

stress incontience

A

when sphincters are weak and a little pee leaks out during strenuous activity

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10
Q

urge incontience

A

strong urge to void urine immediately

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11
Q

alcohol consumption increases risk for…

A
  • peptic ulcers
  • esophageal cancer
  • stomach cancer
  • colon cancer
  • pancreatitis
  • cirrhosis
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12
Q

smoking increases risk for…

A

-peptic ulcers

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13
Q

what are the functions of the small intestine?

A
  • food is mixed, digest, and absorbed

- absorption occurs through intestinal villi

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14
Q

what is an important role of the ileocecal valve?

A

prevents backward flow of fecal material

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15
Q

what is included in the hepatic portal vein system?

A

-veins draining intestines, pancreas, stomach, and gallbladder

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16
Q

what do the renal veins drain?

A

-kidneys and ureters

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17
Q

what are the common causes of abdominal pain?

A

-fat
-fluid
-flatulence
-feces
-fetus
fibroid tumor
-fatal tumor

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18
Q

black poop signals

A

internal bleeding

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19
Q

tan poop signals

A
  • problem with liver

- bilirubin isn’t leaving body and is getting accumulated causing jaundice

20
Q

GERD

A
  • flow of gastric secretions up into esophagus
  • weakened lower esophageal pressure or increased intraabdominal pressure
  • Clinical findings: heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia; are aggravated by laying down
21
Q

large intestine

A
  • 3 parts: ascending, transverse, descending
  • absorbs water and electrolytes
  • feces stored here until defecation
22
Q

where is the stomach located?

A

LUQ

23
Q

where is the large intestine located?

A

RUQ

24
Q

Liver

A
  • bile production and secretion
  • production of clotting factors and fibrinogen
  • synthesis of plasma proteins
  • detoxification of drugs and alcohol
25
Q

where is the liver located?

A

RUQ

26
Q

gallbladder

A
  • concentrates and stores bile

- creates brown color in feces

27
Q

where is the gallbladder located?

A

RUQ

28
Q

pancreas

A
  • endocrine: secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin carbohydrate
  • exocrine: bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes
  • lipase breaks down fats
  • amylase breaks down carbohydrates
  • protease breaks down proteins for absorption
29
Q

where is the pancreas located?

A

LUQ

30
Q

spleen

A
  • highly vascular
  • composed of white pulp and red pulp
  • removes old or agglutinated erythrocytes
  • removes platelets
  • activates B and T lymphocytes
31
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

LUQ

32
Q

kidneys

A
  • right kidney is slightly lower than left
  • secretes erythrocyte protein to stimulate red blood cell production
  • produces vitamin D
  • nephron regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
33
Q

hiatal hernia

A
  • protrusion of stomach through esophageal hiatus
  • common causes: pregnancy, obesity, ascites
  • clinical findings: similar to GERD
34
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A
  • occurs in lower end of esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
  • duodenal is most common: caused by break in duodenal mucosa
  • may result from infection with helicobacter pylori
  • clinical findings: burning pain after eating 1-2 hrs
35
Q

crohns disease

A
  • commonly affects terminal ileum and colon
  • affected mucosa is ulcerated with presence of fistulas and abscesses
  • clinical findings: unpredictable periods of remission with relapse, cramping, persistent diarrhea, rectal passage of blood and mucus, fever and constipation
36
Q

ulcerative colitis

A
  • starts in rectum and progresses through large intestine
  • may progress to colon cancer
  • clinical findings: anemia, weight loss, profuse watery diarrhea
37
Q

diverticulitis

A
  • inflammation of diverticula due to presence of feces

- clinical findings: pain in LLQ, altered bowel habits, distended abdomen and tympanic, decreased bowel sounds

38
Q

viral hepatitis

A
  • inflammation of liver

- clinical findings: anorexia, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, tan colored stools, dark urine

39
Q

cirrhosis

A
  • chronic degenerative disease of the liver
  • 12th leading cause of death in U.S
  • causes: hepatitis, biliary obstruction, alcoholism
  • clinical findings: hard liver, ascites, portal HTN, coma
40
Q

cholecystitis

A
  • inflammation of gallbladder
  • bile duct becomes edema or gallstones
  • clinical findings: pain in RUQ that radiates to scapula
41
Q

pancreatitis

A
  • common causes: alcoholism, obstruction of sphincter

- clinical findings: severe pain worse with food intake, pts comfortable in fetal position, hypotension, shock

42
Q

UTI

A

-clinical findings: dysuria, fatigue, muscle aches

43
Q

nephrolithiasis

A
  • kidney stones

- clinical findings: fever and hematuria, severe pain in CVA

44
Q

Organs in the right upper quadrant

A 
Liver
Pancreas
Pylorus 
Duodenum
Part of ascending colon
Part of transverse colon
45
Q

Organs in the left upper quad

A 
Stomach
Pancreas
Spleen
Part of descending colon
Part of transverse colon
46
Q

Organs in right lower quad

A

Appendix
Cecum (beginning of large intestine)
right kidney
Part of ascending colon

47
Q

Organs in left lower quad

A

Sigmoid colon
Left kidney
Portion of descending colon

NU 308 - Health Assessment (15 decks)

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