T2 - Chapter 8 Nutrition Flashcards
what are macronutrients?
carbs
protein
fat
what are micronutrients?
vitamins and minerals
carbs
1g=4kcal
main source of energy
foods: desserts, pasta, apples, almonds
protein
1g=4kcal
facilitate growth and repair of body tissues
fat
1g=9kcal
for normal growth and development, syntheses, regulation of hormones, insulation, and protection of vital organs
fat soluble vitamins
can be stored in body and cause toxicity
A
D
E
K
water soluble vitamins
cant be stored in body, need daily intake
C B Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pyridoxine Biotin Folate Cobalamin
Major minerals
Calcium phosphorus magnesium sodium potassium chloride sulfer
essential trace minerals
iron iodine zinc copper manganese chromium cobalt selenium molybdenum fluoride
BMI Ranges
underweight <18.5 normal 18.5-24.9 overweight 25-29.9 obesity class 1 30-34.9 obesity class 2 35-39.9 obesity class 3 >40
waist to hip ration
females <0.8
males <1
serum albumin
normal values: 3.5-5 g/dL
purpose: measures circulating protein over a 3-4 week period; can be affected by blood loss, liver function, trauma
abnormal findings: low albumin = protein malnutrition
prealbumin
normal values: 15-36 mg/dL
purpose: reflection of protein and caloric intake for previous 2-3 days
abnormal findings: calories or protein deficiency
hemoglobin (Hgb) & Hematocrit (Hct)
lab values:
-male: Hgb 14-18 g/dL, Hct 42%-52%
-female: Hgb 12-16 g/dL, Hct 37%-47%
-pregnancy: Hgb >11 g/dL, Hct >33%
purpose: useful to screen for anemia and hydration
abnormal findings: low levels suggest anemia, elevated levels suggest dehydration
blood glucose
lab values: 70-105 mg/dL
purpose: reflects carbohydrate metabolism
abnormal findings: hypoglycemia can indicate inadequate caloric intake. hyperglycemia may indicate DM
