Chapter 4 - General Inspection and Vital Signs Flashcards
aspects of general survey
physical appearance hygiene body structure and movement emotional and mental status behavior
temperature (T)
regulated by hypothalamus
expected ranges: 96.4 F - 99.2 F, 35.8 C - 37.3 C
variations: lowest body temp in morning and highest in afternoon/ evening, menstral cycle
pulse (heart rate)
locations: temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
if irregular must count for 1 full minute
respiratory rate
indicates how well body is providing oxygen to tissues
count # of times patient completes ventilatory cycle (inhale and exhale)
factors that increase it: fever, anxiety, exercise, increased altitude
apnea
temporary absence of breathing
tachypnea
rapid breathing
dyspnea
difficult of painful breathing
hyperpnea
deep, rapid breathing
blood pressure
def: force of blood pumped against arterial walls
factors that affect it: age, gender, pregnancy, race, pain, personal habits (caffeine, smoking), weight
systolic
maximum pressure exerted on arteries
diastolic
minimum amount of pressure exerted on arteries
hypertension
high blood pressure
hypotension
low blood pressure
can be caused by: shock, heart failure, burns, excessive bleeding
oxygen saturated
measured by pulse oximeter
clipped to finger, toe, earlobe, nose
normal heart rate vitals
New born 120-160 Toddler 90-140 School-Age 75-100 Adolescent 60-90 Adult 60-100
