T cell mediated immunity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first thing that happens during an active immune response?

A

T cell activation

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2
Q

What is MHC restriction?

A

A person’s own t cell population has developed to recognise their own MHC molecules

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3
Q

What happens when CD8 t cells become activated?

A

They become a cytotoxic t cell/killer t cell

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4
Q

What cells do cytotoxic t cell kill?

A

Self cells, not pathogens

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5
Q

Why do cytotoxic t cells kill self cells?

A

The self cells they kill are infected w/ a pathogen

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6
Q

Generally, what do activated CD4 t cells become?

A

Helper T cells

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7
Q

Which immune response first activates in response to a pathogen you’ve never seen before?

A

Innate immune response

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8
Q

Why does the innate immune system activate first when you encounter a pathogen you have not seen before?

A

Pattern recognition–> things like lipopolysaccharide are on pathogens but not on our own cells

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9
Q

What is injected alongside a protein in a vaccination?

A

An adjuvent

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10
Q

Examples of an adjuvant injected alongside proteins in a vaccine?

A

lipopolysaccharide

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11
Q

Why are adjuvants injected alongside proteins in vaccines?

A

To activate the innate immune system

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12
Q

What components of a virus can be recognised as foreign?

A

Things to do with the nucleic acids

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13
Q

What cells are activated as part of the innate immune response?

A

Dendritic cells

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14
Q

What do dendritic cells do as part of the innate immune response?

A

Take up a pathogen

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15
Q

Which MHC molecules would be used if a dendritic cell takes up a bacteria?

A

MHCII

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16
Q

Which MHC molecules would be used if a dendritic cell takes up a virus?

17
Q

What do dendritic cells do when activate as part of the innate immune respose?

A

Migrate to 2ndary lymphoid tissues

18
Q

What guides dendritic cell migration to 2ndary lymphoid tissues?

A

Chemokines–> express chemokine receptors

19
Q

What do dendritic cells express when activated (to do with t cells)?

A

Co-stimulatory molecules

20
Q

How does the dendritic cell activate a T cell?

A

MHC molecule presents the peptide/antigen to the naive t cell population

21
Q

What interaction between a t cell and antigen presenting dendritic cell is needed to activate the t cell?

A

The TCR needs to recognise the MHC-antigen complex, and the costimulatory signals need to signal to the t cell as well

22
Q

What do tolerance mechanisms do?

A

Only allow t cells that don’t recognise self peptides to develop

23
Q

What happens after a dendritic cell activates a t cell?

A

The t cell starts to replicate, and becomes an infector or memory t cell

24
Q

What is different about t cell activation the second time you encounter a pathogen (and thus antigen) compared to the first?

A

The stringent activation criteria (costimulation criteria) are not needed

25
What to Th1 cells do?
Activate macrophages infected with the pathogen, and help them kill the pathogen
26
What does TfH cell stand for?
Follicular helper t cells
27
What do both Th2 and TfH cells do?
Help antibody responses
28
What do Treg cells do?
Dampen down the immune responses