Cell based therapies I

Question 1

Role of Treg cells?

Answer 1

Inhibition of adaptive and innate immune responses

Question 2

Which t cell type are Treg cells a specialised subpopulation of?

Answer 2

Th cells

Question 3

Which marker do Treg cells express?

Answer 3

High CD25, CD4+v, FoxP3+

Question 4

What is CD25?

Answer 4

IL2 receptor

Question 5

Role of IL2?

Answer 5

Main cytokine that causes clonal proliferation seen in chronic inflammaiton

Question 6

What are Tregs characterised by?

Answer 6

Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), low and high expression of CD45RA

Question 7

Role of FoxP3?

Answer 7

Inhibiting immune response

Question 8

What do Treg cells use CTLA4 for?

Answer 8

Engage the B7 on our antigen presenting cells

Question 9

What does CTLA4 mediated engagement of B7 on the antigen presenting cells lead to?

Answer 9

Upregulation of immunosuppressive enzymes–> e.g. IDO

Question 10

Effect of Treg cells on APCs?

Answer 10

Reduces their ability to be antigen presenting

Question 11

Result of Tregs expressing a lot of CD25?

Answer 11

Mop up a lot of the IL2–> less available for other effector Th cells

Question 12

Which cytokines do Tregs produce?

Answer 12

IL10, TGFbeta,

Question 13

Which non-cytokine molecules do Treg cells produce?

Answer 13

adenosine, granzyme and perforin

Question 14

Result of secreting granzymes and perforins?

Answer 14

Kill off t effector cells via apoptosis

Question 15

Normal level of Treg compared to t effector?

Answer 15

Slightly more Tregs

Question 16

Levels of Treg cells in autoimmune diseases?

Answer 16

Lower

Question 17

Treg effect on B cells?

Answer 17

Decreasing autoantibodies, inhibiting the b cell

Question 18

How do Tregs inhibit B cells?

Answer 18

PDL1 on the Treg interacts with PD-1 on the B cell

Question 19

Effect of Tregs on neutrophils?

Answer 19

Suppression

Question 20

Macrophage phenotypes?

Answer 20

M1–> pro-inflammatory (acts as an APC)
M2–> anti-inflammatory

Question 21

Treg effect on macrophage population?

Answer 21

Induces M2 phenotype–> anti-inflammatory

Question 22

Downside of Treg cells?

Answer 22

Can suppress NK activity, resulting in tumour progression

Question 23

Which type of model is used to model inflammation?

Answer 23

Animal models

Question 24

What is specific ab scurvy mice?

Answer 24

Have a mutation in FoxP3 TF

Question 25

Scurvy mouse phenotype?

Answer 25

Internal organs have characteristic inflammation--> infiltration of immune cells

Question 26

Cause of characteristic inflammation of scurvy mice organs?

Answer 26

Too much proliferation of effector t cells

Question 27

Result of transfecting FoxP3 into activated t cells?

Answer 27

Can induce suppressor t cell function

Question 28

Effect of transferring Tregs into scurvy mice?

Answer 28

Got better