Antibody structure and repertoire generation 1 Flashcards
What is diff between diff antibody isotypes?
Their heavy chains, their effector functions, and the types of receptors they can bind to
What is a normal antibody made up of?
2 heavy chains, 2 light chains
What is unique ab the two light chains in antibodies?
They are identical to each other
What are bispecific antibodies?
Antibodies that have diff light chains
What are the two heavy subunits held together by?
disulphide bond and protein protein interactions
What are the disulphide bonds between heavy chains called, and why?
Intermolecular disulphide bonds, bc they are between diff molecues/polypeptides
What holds the light chains together with the heavy chains
Intermolecular disulphide bonds
What are intramolecular disulphide bonds?
Disulphide bonds in the same molecule
In which chains are variable regions found in antibodies?
Both light and heavy
What is Vh and Vl?
Variable heavy and variable light
What is Ch1?
Constant heavy chain 1
How many constant domains do the heavy chains have?
3
How many constant regions do the light chains have?
1
What does the hinge region of an antibody allow?
The antigen binding sites to be moved diff distances apart–> antibody can bind two identical antigens that are diff distances apart
What is the hinge region susceptible to?
Cleavage by proteases
What occurs when you proteolytically process the hinge region?
You get three fragments
What are the three fragments formed as a result of processing of the hinge region?
FAB (fragment antigen binding) *2, FC (fragment crystalisable)
What are both the light chain constant and light chain variable domains made up of?
antiparallel beta sheets
What holds the light chain constant and light chain variable domain together?
Intramolecular disulphide bond
Where is the variation in variable regions?
The loop regions that connect two beta strands
What are loop regions in the variable region called?
Hypervariable region 1, 2, and 3
CDR (complementarity determining region) 1,2,3
How many hypervariable loops does a heavy chain have?
3
Which hypervariable loop (or CDR) is the most variable?
3
What makes up the antigen binding site of the antibody?
The combination of the hypervariable loops in the light and heavy chain (3 each so 6 total)
