Chronic inflammation I Flashcards
What does acute inflammation involve?
Movement of WBCs out of the blood vessels and into the tissue
What does an acute immune response need to happen to T and B cells?
Clonal proliferation of them
What happens to the T and B cells that were clonally proliferating once the acute inflammation is over?
Die off by apoptosis
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Inflammatory disease of small joints of extremities and
larger joints characterised by inflammation of synovium
Targeting of rheumatoid arthritis?
Getting it as early as possible, dampening down immune system to slow disease progression
If autoantibodies are present in a disease, what other cells are present?
B cells to produce the antibodies, and Th2 cells to activate the B cells
Which cytokine drives Th1 differentiation?
Interferon gamma
Which cytokine drives Th2 differentiation?
IL4
Joint makeup?
Two bones covered in cartilage, synovium and synovial fluid all in a joint capsule
ROle of cartillage?
Allows bones to glide against each other
Role of synovial fluid?
Lubrication
Autoimmune part of arthritis?
Immune system recognises cartilage as an antigen
Which part of cartilage is recognised as an antigen?
An element of collagen
Effect of cartilage wearing down?
Bones rub together–> pain
What causes the joint immobility in arthritis?
Inflammation leads to cellular infiltration–> more solid and less fluid in the joint
What do chronic inflammatory conditions usually follor?
A prolonged infection–> mycobacterium, streptococcal
Reasons for failure of self tolerance?
Molecular mimicry, exposure of novel self antigens, bystander activation
What is molecular mimicry?
Elements of collagen appear similar to the pathogens
What happens as tissue in a joint is destroyed?
Underlying levels of tissue are revealed–> tissue that the immune cells may have not been exposed to before
Bystander activation?
Activation of weakly reactive t cells due to close proximity to cytokines instead of an infection
What are autoimmune diseases usually driven by?
CD4+ Th cells recognising autoantigen, releasing interferon gamma which activates CD8 t cells
What is rheumatoid factor?
autoantibodies against IgG
Non-specificity of rheumatoid factor?
It is found in many chronic inflammatory diseases
Other RA antibodies
ACPA, anti-CarP
