Fungi 1

Question 1

What are fungi (in terms of food production)?

Answer 1

Heterotrophs, specifically osmotrophs

Question 2

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 2

Organisms that cannot make their own food

Question 3

How do fungi get nutrients?

Answer 3

Digest food outside the body
Secrete hydrolytic enzymes
Absorb organic nutrients

Question 4

What are osmotrophs?

Answer 4

organisms that obtain nutrients through osmosis, absorbing dissolved organic compounds from their environment rather than ingesting solid food

Question 5

Three types of fungi?

Answer 5

saprophytes, pathogens or mutualists

Question 6

What are saprophytes?

Answer 6

Eating decaying matter

Question 7

When are fungi pathogens?

Answer 7

When they are infecting a host

Question 8

What are mutualists?

Answer 8

An organism that exists in a relationship with another organism, from which both organisms benefit

Question 9

How large can fungi be?

Answer 9

Unicellular, multicellular, larger

Question 10

What is present in the fungal cell wall?

Answer 10

Chitin

Question 11

How do fungi respire?

Answer 11

Usually aerobically
SOme yeasts are facultative or obligate anaerobes

Question 12

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 12

Organisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 13

Why was it initially thought that fungi were in kingdom Plantae?

Answer 13

They are static, they can grow roots,

Question 14

Four eukaryotic kingdoms?

Answer 14

Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi

Question 15

Which eukaryotic kingdom is the closest related to fungi?

Answer 15

Animalia

Question 16

What industries is fungi used in?

Answer 16

Biofuel, beverages, food, animal feed, environment management

Question 17

How did fungi contribute to the shift away from reptiles to mammals?

Answer 17

Big heat event–> killed a lot
Fungi ate the remains
Fungi infected reptiles more bc more fungi
Mammals were more resistant to this bc they are cold blooded

Question 18

Which two forms of fungi can cause disease in humans?

Answer 18

Basidiomycota and ascomycota

Question 19

When is an ascocarp developed?

Answer 19

Sexual reproduction

Question 20

What is the apothecium?

Answer 20

An openform in which the spores can be easily disseminated

Question 21

What is the perithecium?

Answer 21

A closed form in which it is difficult to disseminate the spores

Question 22

What is the cleistothecium?

Answer 22

A form which needs to be burst in order for the sproes to disseminate

Question 23

Two phases of ascomycete life?

Answer 23

Sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 24

What is kept inside the hyphae?

Answer 24

Spores

Question 25

What happens in asexual fungi reproduction?

Answer 25

Hyphae break and release the spores inside of them Spores then germinate and form mycelium Mycelium then forms hyphae

Question 26

What is the female hyphae called?

Answer 26

Ascogonium

Question 27

What is the male hyphae called?

Answer 27

Antheridium

Question 28

What happens when the ascogonium and antheridium interact?

Answer 28

They combine via plasmogamy, the cell walls dissolve, male cytoplasm transfers to ascogonium and the ascocarp forms.

Question 29

Why is the hyphae in the ascocarp (from plasmogamy) called dikaryotic)?

Answer 29

They have two diff types of nuclei from the +ve and -ve hyphae

Question 30

What is a dikaryotic hyphae called?

Answer 30

Ascus

Question 31

What happens to the two nuclei in the ascus dikaryotic hyphae?

Answer 31

They combine

Question 32

What happens after the two nuclei in the dikaryotic hyphae combine?

Answer 32

They undergo meiosis to produce 4 genetically diff spores/cells

Question 33

What happens to the 4 cells produced from meiosis in the hyphae?

Answer 33

They undergo mitosis, producing 8 cells

Question 34

What is formed from the 8 cells?

Answer 34

8 ascospores in the fruiting body

Question 35

What do the 8 cospores do?

Answer 35

Germinate, form mycelium which can then form hyphae

Question 36

Most well known basidiomycete?

Answer 36

Mushroom

Question 37

WHat does each gill consist of?

Answer 37

Basidia

Question 38

Where are basidiomycete spores formed?

Answer 38

Basidia

Question 39

Step 1 of basidiomycete life cycle?

Answer 39

+ve and -ve hyphae combine