Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology LU IV > Systems Pharmacology > Flashcards

Systems Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of amiodarone?

A

Blocks IK,INa, ICa-L channels and β adrenoreceptor which prolongs AP duration and QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MOA of aspirin?

A

Irreversibliy inhibitis cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzyme by covalent acetylation which decreases synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the MOA of atropine?

A

Nonselective competitive muscarinic antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the MOA of captopril?

A

Prototype ACE inhibitor; Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs thereby reducing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and increasing bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the MOA of cefuroxime?

A

Second-generation cephalosporin; β-lactam that binds to penicillin binding protein which inhibits cell wall synthesis; more resistant to β-lactamase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

A

Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit preventing bacterial protein synthesis; Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the MOA of cimetidine?

A

Prototype H2 antagonist; Reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the MOA of ciprofloxacin?

A

Flouroquinolone; Inhibits DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV; Bacteriacidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the MOA of clonidine?

A

Centrally acting selective α2 adrenoreceptor agonist; Inhibits adenylyl cyclase reducing central sympathetic outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the MOA of cotrimoxazole?

A

Trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMP-SMX); Inhibits dihydropteroate reductase and synthase decreasing folate acid synthesis; Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the MOA of cromolyn sodium?

A

Alters function of delayed Cl channels; Inhibits inflammatory cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MOA of diazepam?

A

Prototype benzodiazepine; Binds and potentiates GABA-A receptor at CNS neuronal synapses facilitating frequency of GABA-mediated Cl channel opening thereby enhancing membrane hyperpolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the MOA of diphendydramine?

A

Prototype first-generation H1 antagonist; Reversibly blocks histamine H1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of dobutamine?

A

Selective β1 adrenoreceptor agonist; Activates adenylyl cyclase increasing myocardial contractility; Desensitization occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the MOA of digoxin?

A

Na/K-ATPase inhibition results in reduces Ca expulsion and increased Ca stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA of enalapril?

A

Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs thereby reducing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and increasing bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the MOA of epinephrine?

A

Nonselective α and β adrenoreceptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the MOA of esomeprazole?

A

New-generation proton pump inhibitor; Irreversiblity inhibits H/K-ATPase pump in stomach parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the MOA of furosemide?

A

Loop diuretic; Blocks Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle decreasing NaCl and KCl reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MOA of glipizide?

A

Sulfonylurea; Stimulates insulin release of β pancreatic cells by closing K channels; Insulin secratagogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Thiazide diuretic; Blocks Na/Cl transporter in renal distal convoluted tubule decreasing NaCl reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the MOA of hydrocortisone?

A

Alters gene expression; Decrease production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the MOA of insulin?

A

Activates insulin receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the MOA of loratidine?

A

Prototype second-generation H1 antagonist; Reversibly blocks histamine H1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the MOA of mebendazole?

A

Inhibits microtubule synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the MOA of Metformin?

A

Reduces hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the MOA of Nifedipine?

A

Blocks vascular L-type Ca cahnnels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the MOA of omeprazole?

A

Prototype first-generation proton pump inhibitor; Irreversiblity inhibits H/K-ATPase pump in stomach parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the MOA of ondansentron?

A

5-HT3 antagonist in gut and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the MOA of oxacillin?

A

β-lactam that binds to penicillin binding protein which inhibits cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the MOA of phenobarbital?

A

Prototype barbiturate; Binds and enhances phasic GABA-A receptor at CNS neuronal synapsesincreasing duration of GABA-mediated Cl channel opening thereby enhancing membrane hyperpolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the MOA of prazosin?

A

Prototype selective α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the MOA of prednisone?

A

Alters gene expression; may trigger apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the MOA of propranolol?

A

Prototype nonselective β adrenoreceptor antagonist (β1 and β2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the MOA of ranitidine?

A

New-generation H2 antagonist; Reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the MOA of salbutamol?

A

Short-acting selective β2 adrenoreceptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the MOA of spironolactone?

A

K-sparing diuretic; Blocks aldosterone receptor in renal collecting tubule and androgen receptor (weak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the MOA of terbutaline?

A

Selective β2 adrenoreceptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the clinical indications of amiodarone?

A

Serious ventricular arrhythmia
Supraventricular arrhythmia
(Class III anti-arrhythmic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the clinical indications of aspirin?

A

Antipyretic
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Antiplatelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the clinical indications of atropine?

A 
Retinal examination (mydiasis and cycloplegia)
Prevent synechiae after surgery
Antidote for severe cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the clinical indications of captopril?

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the clinical indications of cefuroxime?

A 
Gram-positive cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria spp.
Proteus mirabilis
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the clinical indications of chloramphenicol?

A 
Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi)
Meningitis or epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the clinical indications of cimetidine?

A

Peptic ulcer
GERD
Erosive gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the clinical indications of ciprofloxacin?

A

Gram-negative rod of urinary and GI infections

47
Q

What are the clinical indications of clonidine?

A

Hypertension

48
Q

What are the clinical indications of cotrimoxazole?

A

UTI
Acute otitis media
Traveler’s diarrhea
Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts

49
Q

What are the clinical indications of cromolyn sodium?

A

Asthma

50
Q

What are the clinical indications of diazepam?

A

Muscle relaxation
Intractable seizure disorders
Anxiety disorders
Insomnia and other sleep disorders

51
Q

What are the clinical indications of diphenhydramine?

A

Allergies
Sedative
Antiemetic
Antimotion sickness

52
Q

What are the clinical indications of dobutamine?

A

Acute decompensated heart failure

Cardiogenic shock

53
Q

What are the clinical indications of digoxin?

A

Chronic symptomatic heart failure

Rapid ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation

54
Q

What are the clinical indications of enalapril?

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
Diabetes

55
Q

What are the clinical indications of epinephrine?

A

Anaphylaxis
Asthma (rare)
Open-angle glaucoma
Hypotension

56
Q

What are the clinical indications of esomeprazole?

A

Peptic ulcer
GERD
Erosive gastritis

57
Q

What are the clinical indications of furosemide?

A

Severe hypertension (especially emergencies)
Heart failue
Edematous conditions (pulmonary, peripheral)
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Acute renal failure
Anion overdose

58
Q

What are the clinical indications of glipizide?

A

Type 2 diabetes

59
Q

What are the clinical indications of hydrochlorothiazide?

A 
Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Hypercalciuria
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetic insipidus
60
Q

What are the clinical indications of hydrocortisone?

A 
Addison's disease
Inflammation
Immune suppression
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
61
Q

What are the clinical indications of insulin?

A

Type 1 and 2 diabetes

62
Q

What are the clinical indications of loratidine?

A

Allergies

63
Q

What are the clinical indications of mebendazole?

A 
Asaris
Trichuris
Hookworm
Pinworm
Capillaria
64
Q

What are the clinical indications of metformin?

A

Type 2 diabetes

65
Q

What are the clinical indications of nifedipine?

A

Hypertension

Angina

66
Q

What are the clinical indications of omeprazole?

A

Peptic ulcer
GERD
Erosive gastritis

67
Q

What are the clinical indications of ondansentron?

A

First-line agents in cancer chemotherapy emesis

Useful also in postop emesis

68
Q

What are the clinical indications of oxacillin?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

69
Q

What are the clinical indications of phenobarbital?

A

Seizure disorders

70
Q

What are the clinical indications of prazosin?

A

Hypertension

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

71
Q

What are the clinical indications of prednisone?

A 
Cancer chemotherapy
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Immunosuppresant
Asthma controller
72
Q

What are the clinical indications of propranolol?

A 
Hypertension
Angina
Atrial arrhythmia
Migraine
Hyperthyroidism
Prevention of recurrent infarction and sudden death
73
Q

What are the clinical indications of ranitidine?

A

Peptic ulcer
GERD
Erosive gastritis

74
Q

What are the clinical indications of salbutamol?

A

Asthma and COPD reliever

75
Q

What are the clinical indications of spironolactone?

A 
Aldosteronism (cirrhosis and adrenal tumor)
Heart failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Hypertension
Hypokalemia due to diuretics
Postmyocardial infarction
76
Q

What are the clinical indications of terbutaline?

A

Prolong gestation in premature labor cases

77
Q

What are the AE of amiodarone?

A 
Bradycardia
Heart block in diseased heart
Peripheral vasodilation
Pulmonary and hepatic toxicity
Hyper or hypothyroidism
78
Q

What are the AE of aspirin?

A

Gastric ulcer
Tinnitus
Reye’s syndrome in children
Acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis and upper GI bleeding (chronic use)
Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis (overdose)

79
Q

What are the AE of atropine?

A 
Increased intraoccular pressure in closed-angle glaucoma
Muscle weakness (overdose)
80
Q

What are the AE of captopril?

A 
Cough
Angiodema
Hyperkalemia
Renal impairment
Tertogenicity
81
Q

What are the AE of cefuroxime?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

Vitamin K deficiency

82
Q

What are the AE of chloramphenicol?

A

Gray baby syndrome
Dose-related anemia
Idiosyncratic aplastic anemia

83
Q

What are the AE of cimetidine?

A 
Potent inhibitor of cytochrom P450
Decrease renal excretion of creatinine
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Rashes
Headache
Confusion
Somnolence
Decreased libido
Impotence
Gynecomastia
Blood dyscrasia, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (rare)
84
Q

What are the AE of ciprofloxacin?

A 
GI upset
Skin rashes
Neurotoxicity
Tendonitis
Pregnancy contraindicated
Cartilage damage in children
Prolonged QT interval
85
Q

What are the AE of clonidine?

A

Dry mouth
Sedation
Orthostatic hypotension
REbound hypertension

86
Q

What are the AE of cotrimoxazole?

A 
Hypersensitivity reactions
Hemolysis (G6PD deficient)
Nephrotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Kernicterus in infants
Megaloblastic anemia
Leukopenia
Granulocytopenia
87
Q

What are the AE of cromolyn sodium?

A

Cough

88
Q

What are the AE of diazepam?

A

Extension of CNS depressant effects
Dependence liability
Sedation

89
Q

What are the AE of diphenhydramine?

A

Sedation
Muscarinic blockade symptoms
Orthostatic hypotension

90
Q

What are the AE of dobutamine?

A

Arrhytmia

91
Q

What are the AE of digoxin?

A

Nausea
Vomitting
Diarrhea
Arrhythmia

92
Q

What are the AE of enalapril?

A 
Cough
Angiodema
Hyperkalemia
Renal impairment
Tertogenicity
93
Q

What are the AE of epinephrine?

A 
Tremor
Tachycardia
Nausea
Vomitting
Headache
Dizziness
94
Q

What are the AE of esomeprazole?

A

Increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection

Hip fractures

95
Q

What are the AE of furosemide?

A 
Hypovolemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesia
Hyperuricemia
Orthostatic hypotension
Ototoxicity
Sulfonamide allergy
96
Q

What are the AE of glipizide?

A

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

97
Q

What are the AE of hydrochlorothiazide?

A 
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Sulfonamide allergy
Metabolic alkalosis
98
Q

What are the AE of hydrocortisone?

A 
Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome
Adrenal insufficiency (abrupt stop after chronic use)
99
Q

What are the AE of insulin?

A

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Lipodystrophy (rare)

100
Q

What are the AE of loratidine?

A

Less sedation than first-generation H1 antgonist

101
Q

What are the AE of mebendazole?

A 
Nausea
Vomitting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Hypersensitivity reactions
Agranulocytosis
Alopecia
Elevation of liver enzymes
102
Q

What are the AE of metformin?

A

GI symptoms
Lactic acidosis (rare)
Weight loss

103
Q

What are the AE of nifedipine?

A

Excessive hypotension

Baroreceptor reflex tachycardia

104
Q

What are the AE of omeprazole?

A

Increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection

Hip fractures

105
Q

What are the AE of ondansentron?

A

Headache

Constipation

106
Q

What are the AE of oxacillin?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

Interstitial nephritis

107
Q

What are the AE of phenobarbital?

A 
Extension of CNS depressant effects
Greater dependence liability
Sedation
Cognitive issues
Ataxia
Hyperactivity
108
Q

What are the AE of prazosin?

A

Orthostatic hypertensions (first dose)

109
Q

What are the AE of prednisone?

A 
Cushing-like symptoms
Immunosuppresion
Cataracts
Acne
Osteoporosis
Hypertension
Peptic ulcer
Hyperglycemia
Psychosis
110
Q

What are the AE of propranolol?

A 
Bradycardia
Worsened asthma
Fatigue
Vivid dreams
Cold hands
AV block
Acute heart failure
Sedation
111
Q

What are the AE of ranitidine?

A 
Decrease renal excretion of creatinine
Diarrhea
Dizziness (less than cimetidine)
Rashes
Headache (less than cimetidine)
Confusion (less than cimetidine)
Somnolence (less than cimetidine)
Decreased libido (less than cimetidine)
Impotence (less than cimetidine)
Gynecomastia (less than cimetidine)
Blood dyscrasia, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (rare)
112
Q

What are the AE of salbutamol?

A

Tremor

Tachycardia

113
Q

What are the AE of spironolactone?

A 
Hyperkalemia
Antiandrogen effect (gynecomastia)
114
Q

What are the AE of terbutaline?

A 
Hypotension
β1 stimulated reflex tachycardia
Arrhytmia
Pulmonary edema
Bradycardia with abrupt withdrawal
Nausea
Headcahe
Muscle tremor

Pharmacology LU IV (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions