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Pharmacology LU IV > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

0
Q

What is the MOA of vancomycin?

A

Block peptidoglycan synthesis

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1
Q

What is the MOA of beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

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2
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonamide/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP)?

A

Block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis (pteridine synthetase/dihyrdofolate reductase)

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3
Q

What is the MOA of quinolones?

A

Block DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV

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4
Q

What are the AE of penicillin?

A

GI disturbances

Hematologic toxicity

Elevated liver function test

Renal toxicity

Allergic reactions

Electrolyte disturbance

CNS toxicity

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5
Q

What penicillin is clinically indicated for syphilis?

A

Penicillin G

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6
Q

What penicillin is a repository formulation for IM administration?

A

Penicillin G Benzathine

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7
Q

What penicillin is stable in gastric acid and ideal for oral dosing?

A

Penicillin V

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8
Q

What penicillin is primarily used for parenteral treatment of serios staphylococcal infections and Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Oxacillin

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9
Q

What penicillin is used for oral treatment of staphylococcal infections including osteomyelitis?

A

Dicloxacillin

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10
Q

What penicillin covers pseudomonal infections?

A

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

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11
Q

What organisms are typically not covered by cephalosporins?

A

LAME

Listeria

Atypical (Chlamydia and Mycoplasma)

MRS

Enterococci

Ceftaroline covers MRSA

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12
Q

True or false, the higher the generation of cephalosporins then the more superior the activity against gram negative organisms?

A

True

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13
Q

Imipenem is always administerd with what drug?

A

Cilastatin

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14
Q

What is the MOA of rifampin?

A

Block mRNA synthesis

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15
Q

What is the MOA of macrolides?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit

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16
Q

What is the MOA of chlorampenicol?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit

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17
Q

What is the MOA of clindamycin?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit

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18
Q

What is the MOA of linezolid?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit

19
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

A

Block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit

20
Q

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

A

Block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit

21
Q

What are the AE of vancomycin?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Thrombophlebitis

Red man syndrome

22
Q

What are the AE of aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Neuromuscular blockade

Teratogenic

23
Q

What tetracycline is clinically indicated for leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline

24
Q

Which macrolide has a long half life?

A

Azithromycin

25
Q

What macrolide is used to treat Helicobater pylori infections in conjuection with bismuth subcitrate or proton pump inhibitor?

A

Clarithromycin

26
Q

What are the AE of macrolide?

A

Motility issues

Arrhythmia caused by prolonged QT

Acute cholestatic hepatitis

Rash

Eosinophilia

27
Q

What non-beta-lactam antibiotic are not usually taken with milk, antacids or iron-containing preparations?

A

Tetracycline

Quinolone

28
Q

What are the AE of chloramphenicol?

A

Anemia

Aplastic anemia

Gray baby syndrome

29
Q

What are the AE of trimethoprim?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

Leukopenia

Granulocytopenia

30
Q

What happens when you take metronidazole and alcohol at the same time?

A

Disulfiram-like reaction

31
Q

What is the first line drug for uncomplicated typhoid fever?

A

Chloramphenicol

32
Q

What are the AE of clindamycin?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

Fever

Diarrhea

33
Q

What aminoglycoside is a first line drug against tuberculosis?

A

Streptomycin

34
Q

What antibiotic may cause discoloration of teeth and hypoplasia of the enamel?

A

Tetracycline

35
Q

What is the first line drug for Burkholderia cepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A

Co-trimoxazole

36
Q

What drug is clinically indicated for antibiotic associsted psudomembranous colitis?

A

Vancomycin (PO)

37
Q

What drug is clinically indicated for MRSA?

A

Vancomycin (IV)

38
Q

What is first quinolone to be produced?

A

Nalidixic acid

39
Q

What is the drug of choice for Shigella infections?

A

Ciprofloxacin

40
Q

What is the primary measure of antibiotic activity?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

41
Q

G6PD deficiency is contraindicated for what antibiotics?

A

Sulfonamides

Chloramphenicol

Isoniazid

Nitrofurantoin

42
Q

What is the most common cause of UTI in all ages?

A

Escherichia coli

43
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in ages 3 months to 5 years old?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus

44
Q

What is the most common cause of early onset neonatal sepsis?

A

Escherichia coli

Pharmacology LU IV (12 decks)

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