Systems Lecture 3 Flashcards
what are sulci
small grooves in brain
what are gyri
ridges of cortex
what are fissures
large grooves in cortex
differences in rat vs human brain
size, rat brain is smooth, more cerebral cortex in human brain (proportionally)
(cortex covers human cerebellum but not rat cerebellum)
- olfactory bulb in rats proportionally much bigger
is the layout of the ventricles in human and rat brains the same
very similar
how many synapses per cell in the cerebellum
200 000
what type of cells are in the cerebellum
large perkinje cells
what is the central sulcus
canyon running down top of brain which splits brain into quarters with longitudinal fissure
where is the lateral fissure
between frontal and temporal lobe
when memories come in how do they travel through brain
come in frontal love then hippocampus then cortex regions
why is the third ventricle especially important
it is in the middle of brain; where hormones are released into bloodstream
how can we see blockages in ventricles
inject chemical into large ventricles where CSF is, take many MRI photos
what is the aqueduct
space in spinal cord containing CSF
how are cells arranged in cortices (outer layer of cerebrum)
6 layers/ sheets
cells born lower down, newer cells at top, cells migrate up and then come down
cell types of cortices
pyramidal and stellate
describe pyramidal cells
large structures with long processes to make multiple connections with cells in different layers
describe stellate cells
small cells in cortical layers; local connections within their layer
how many layers of cortices has pyramidal cells
at least one
what does it mean if pyramidal cells are in layer 4/ IV
the tissue of cortices is from sensory region of the brain
what does it mean if pyramidal cells are in layer 5/ V
the tissue of cortices is from a motor region of the brain
sensory and motor layers of the cortical layers
sensory - IV (4)
motor - V (5)
where is the pia mater on the cortices
at the very top, covering layer 1
what direction does the corpus collosum run? the other layer sf the cortices
corpus collosum - right to left
other layer - top to bottom
what does a nissel stain stain
RNA and ribosomes
what does a Golgi stain stain
every few amounts of cells
what is the neocortex -
most recently evolved part of cortex in mammals - have to do with executive function - planning
what is important about area 17 of brodmann’s map
visual area, if damaged - blind even if everything else in tact
right at back of brain
receives input from visual areas
numbering system of brodmann’s map - lower numbers had ______ and higher numbers had ______
lower- more similarities
higher - more differences
primary visual sensory areas
somatosensory: postcentral gyrus
visual: posterior occipital lobe - first piece of cortex to receive info from visual system
auditory: temporal lobe
primary motor areas
precentral gyrus (area 4)
association areas
- largest part of human brain
- has continued to take up more space across species
- somatosensory, motor, vision (area 17)
- thickness has not changed much across evolution
differences in motor and sensory homunculus (small scary dudes)
ears in sensory- not motor
genitals in sensory not motor
lips in sensory are much bigger
what is the superior temporal gyrus important for
language
if you peel apart the lateral fissure what will you find underneath
insula
what is a theorized function of the insula - by Crick before he died
consciousness
what is the gustatory cortex next to
the insula
what is the corpus collosum full of
many axons
amygdala sits in front of what
hippocampus
what is the vermis
a worm like structure in the middle/ medial of the cerebellum
if the cerebrum and the cerebellum are both removed what can we see
eye movement structures thalamus midbrain pons superior and inferior colliculi
what are the superior and inferior colliculus important for
visual input
visual localization
sound localization
are structures in the midbrain uniform
no, if you take multiple cross sections of the midbrain you will see different structure and structures ending and beginning
what are deep cellular nuclei important for
circadian rhythms, sleep
where are the afferent and efferent connections on the spinal cord
on both sides
dorsal = sensory/ motor?
sensory
ventral = sensory/ motor?
motor
