Abnormal Week 6

Question 1

_____ is a term used to refer to some environmental conditiong that triggers psychopathology

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

how created the term stress

“The father of stress”

Answer 2

Hans Selyse, a researcher who conducted work in Montreal, and also identified General adaptation syndrome

Question 3

Explain Selye’s general adaptation syndrom

Answer 3

Phase 1: the alarm reaction (ANS) activated by stress)

phase 2: resistance: (damage occurs or organism adapts to stress)

Phase 3: Exhaustion (organism dies or suffers irreversible damage)

Question 4

the two types of stress and their definitions

Answer 4

distress- damaging and unpleasent

eustress - positive and pleasant stress

Question 5

instead of stress, what did Seyle come to believe he should have used

Answer 5

strain

Question 6

what is chronically activated if a person is chronically stressed

Answer 6

the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

psychogenic and neurogenic stressors

Answer 7

psychogenic stressors - stem from psychological factors

neurogenic stressors- stems from a physical stimulis

Question 8

prolonged demands on neurochemical systems may create a condition called ______ which can lead to a variety of pathological outcomes

Answer 8

allostatic load: a maladaptive condition based on neurochemical reactionthat reflect prolonged exposure to unpredictable stressors

Question 9

how people try to deal with a problem or handle the emotions it produces

Answer 9

coping

Question 10

problem-focused coping

when is it most adaptive

Answer 10

taking direct action to solve the problem or seeking info that will be relevent to the solution

• most adaptive when a sitaution is controllable

Question 11

emotion-focused coping

Answer 11

efforts to reduce the negative emotional reactions to stress

Question 12

______ hypothesis suggests that whether a a paricular coping repsonse is adaptive depnds on the match between the coping response and what is called for ideally the problem situation

Answer 12

goodness of hit hypothesis

Question 13

what is the least effective coping methods for many life porblems

Answer 13

escape/ avoidance

Question 14

the social readjustment rating scale

Answer 14

emerged from study of ppl rating things in intensity and amoun tof time they thought they’d need to readjust to it
ppl in a space of time would add up things and come up with a Life change unit (LCU)

Question 15

assessment of Daily experience (ADE)

Answer 15

individuals record and rate daily experiences in prospective or longitudinal investingations, not retrospectively, with days as a unit of analysis

Question 16

the brief college hassels scale taps three main themes. what are they?
- higher scores on this scale are linekd with what

Answer 16

academic hassels
interpersonal hassels
financial hassels
- greater psychological distress

Question 17

a term for thenotion that stressed workers bring their work stress home with them and it causes family stress

Answer 17

job spillover

Question 18

the 3 components of job burnout

Answer 18

1) a sense of emotional exhaustion
2) depersonalization
3) a sense of lack of personal accomplishment

Question 19

a physical depletion that is also linked to cardioascular disease. Can stem from overworking and striving

Answer 19

vital exhaustion

Question 20

in the case of cancer, what would be the worst way to cope with the stress

Answer 20

ignoring the problem; denial

Question 21

the notino that behaviour is a joint function of personal characteristics and the properties of the situations that are experienced

Answer 21

interactionism

Question 22

Explain Endler’s Interaction model

Answer 22

personality traits interact dynamically with situational factors to produce behaviours
different anxiety traits combine with congruent situaational factors to produce immediate levels of eanxiety ex: a socially anxious person will be anxious in situations involving the possibility of public failures
endler added stress and coping components to the ineraction model - coping is an aspect of personality.. when ppl feal with situational stressors, a key determinate of their emotional response is their typical coping style

Question 23

what is palliative coping

Answer 23

attempts to feel better via self-soothing and self-help by doing things such as stay in bed or resting when tired

Question 24

perservative cognition

Answer 24

the experience of ruminative thoughts

Question 25

what is teh perseverative cognition hypothesis

Answer 25

rumination prolongs the stress response and thus contributes to health problems

Question 26

people are particularly likely to ruminate about the distress that arises from __________ interactions

Answer 26

negative interpersonal interactions

Question 27

structural social support

Answer 27

a person’s basic network of social relationships

Question 28

functional social support

Answer 28

the quality of a person’s relationships

Question 29

emotional support

Answer 29

provides the recipient with a sense of being cared for by warm and sensitive others

Question 30

instrumental support

Answer 30

provides the recipient with more tangible forms of assistance (like paying bills or making dinner)

Question 31

structural support is a well-established predictor of _____

Answer 31

mortality
- people with fewer friends and relatives tend to have a higher mortality rate than those with a higher level of structural support

Question 32

the hormone _____ may be released during social interactions which decreases the activity of the sympathetic NS and thereby lessen the effects of a stressor

Answer 32

oxytocin