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Year 2 Semester 2 > Abnormal Week 2 > Flashcards

Abnormal Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a set of basic assumptions, a general perspective that defines how to :

  • Conceptualize and study a subject
  • Gather and interpret relevant data
  • Think about a particular subject
  • determines what info we neglect
A

paradigm

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2
Q

paradigm that is the continuation of the somatogenic hypothesis

A

the biological paradigm

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3
Q

what perspective is this:

individual behavioural differences attributable to geneic makeup; clinical syndromes are disorders of phenotype not genotype

A

behavioural geneticsn

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4
Q

the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins

A

concordance rate

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5
Q

what we are born with - fixed, not static but switches on and off over time; unobservable

A

genotype

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6
Q

result of genotype + environment interaction

A

phenotype

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7
Q

the assumption twins have the same number of stressful life experiences in order to measure heritability

A

equal environment assumption

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8
Q

the perspective of :_________

tries to specificy particular genes involved, and the precie function of target genes

A

molecular genetics perspective of biological paradigm

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9
Q

differences in style of expressing behaviours; appears to be innate

A

temperament

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10
Q

types of temperament

A

resilient
over-controlling
under-controlling

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11
Q

resilient temperament type

A

cpoes will with adversity; adapts and is high functioning; high self-esteem; high school preformance

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12
Q

the over controlling temperament

A

overly inhibited and preone to istress; linked with shyness and loneliness; moderate self-esteem; moderate school preformance

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13
Q

the under controlling temperament

A

impulsive and can seem out of control sometimes (prone to acting out and aggreeive behaviours; externalizes problems; school problems; sometimes lower IQ and school preformance

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14
Q

_______perspective of paaradigm _____:

deals with neuroscience

A

biochemistry perspective of biological paradigm

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15
Q

______: reducing what is studied to basic elements; influential among biologivcal psychologists who reduce things to a body defect

A

reductionism

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16
Q

the two perspectives of the cognitive-behavioural paradigm

A
  • the behavioural/ learning perspective

- the cognitive perpesctive

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17
Q

strengthening behaviour bu adding somethign good

A

positive reinforment

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18
Q

strengthening behaviour by removing something good

A

negative reinforment

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19
Q

strengthening behaviour by adding something bad

A

positive punishment

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20
Q

strengthening behaviour by removing somethign bad

A

negative punishment

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21
Q

re-learning a response to a stimulus

A

counterconditioning

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22
Q

stimulus attractive to client paired with unpleasent event

A

systematic desensitization/ adversive conditioning

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23
Q

forced prolonged exposure to a stimulus

A

flooding exposure

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24
Q

counterconditioning techniques

A
  • flooding exposure
  • systematic desensitization
  • operant conditioning
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25
Q

____: perspective of ____ where the client is an active interpreter of a situation and the clients past knowledge is a perceptual tunnel for new experiences

A

the cognitive perspective of the cognitive-behavioural paradigm

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26
Q

the ______ perspective of the _____ paradigm: focusing on observavle behaviours and views abnormal behaviours as learned responses

A

the behavioural/ learning perspective of the cognitive-behaviour paradigm

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27
Q

explain Becks therapy

A

cognitive behavioural therapy - created for depression- challenges schemas and irrational beliefs, changing pattern of thought preseumed to be causing a disturbed emotion of behaviour, with homework,

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28
Q

what has shown to be more effective than antidepressants in the long term

A

cognitive behavioural therapy CBT

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29
Q

who was ratino-emotive behaviuora therapy (REBT) created by

A

albert ellis

30
Q

explain REBT

A

rational emotive behaviour therpay
- internal senstences ppl repeat to themselves - self-statements reflect unspoken assumptions - aims to eliminate self-defeating irrational beliefs though the ratinoal examination of them and discover more ratinoal ways of observing the world

31
Q

what therapy is known to be used by therapists who had a more direct, aggressive style… why?

A

rational-emotive behaviour therapy

- bc they eliminate irratinoal thoughts by doing a ratinoal examination of them

32
Q

what paradigm did freud create

A

the psychanalytic paradigm

33
Q

explain the psychoanalytic paradigm

A

psychpathology result of unconscious conflicts

- contains anxieties, defence mechanism, psychoanalytic theory

34
Q

anxieies of psychoanalytic theory

A
  1. objective anxiety: realistic; reality-connected
  2. neurotic anxiety: not realistic; tensino of ID by ego
  3. moral anxiety: arises when expectazations are not met, fear of punishment; tension of superego with ego; superego punishes person for ego
35
Q

explain the defence mechanism: repression

A

psuhes unacceptable impulses into unconscious

36
Q

explain the defence mechanism: displace

A

redirecting emotional response

; can’t be angry at prof so will get angry at my dog

37
Q

explain the defence mechanism: reaction formation

A

coverting one feeling into opposite

38
Q

explain the defence mechanism: regression

A

retreating to behaviour of earlier age

39
Q

explain the defence mechanism: sublimation

A

convertinf ID desire into a productive behaviour

40
Q

ID:

A

instinctual desires

41
Q

Superego

A

critical, moral role

42
Q

ego

A

rational oragnized realistic part

43
Q

_______: the therapists feelings towards the client which if you are ther\pist need to be aware of in order to be as objective as possible

A

countertransferance

44
Q

______: clients view of therapist as symbolic ; certain emotions or feelings toward therapist

A

transference

45
Q

what does psychodynamic therapy involve

A

rapid early assessment, concrete goals to improve clien’t worse symptoms and enable client to cope better; transference not encouraged

46
Q

therapy created by harry stack sullivan

A

interpersonal therpay

47
Q

describe interpersonal therapy

A

client and their social environment, improve communication with others; our needs met determines if others needs are met

48
Q

what makes interpersonal therapy less effective

A

if the client has experienced abuse as a child

49
Q

explain the rational behind dream analysis

A

the ego is relaxed and you can sometimes come to understand things too unacceptable to enter conscious mind directly- which shows up in dreams

50
Q

criticisms of psychoanalytic theory

A
  • not scientific, based on acedotes during therapy sessions
51
Q

what paradigm is insight focused and helps clients understand so they can treat the motives of their behaviours; focuses on free will of person most importatn characteritic of a person

A

humanistic paradigm

52
Q

explain the humanistic paradigm

A
  • doesnt focus on cause, but on interventions
  • say with support people will flourish/ self-actualize
  • anxiety occurs when there is a discrepancy between one’s self-perceptions and one’s ideal self
53
Q

therapies of humanistic paradigm

A

carl rodgers- client-centered therapy

gestalt therapy- fritz pearl

54
Q

explain client-centered therapy….. and who invented it?

A

carl rodgers invented

  • humans guided by innate tendency towards self-actualization
  • understod only from person’s own eprception
  • create conditinos that will facilitate independent decision-making by the client
  • unconditional positive regard
  • empathy
55
Q

2 types of empathy in client-centered empathy

A 
primary empathy (refers to therapists undertanding and involves restating)
advanced empathy (inference by therapist, involves interpretation)
56
Q

what is positive psychology

A

a focus on flourishing attributes that emphasize wellness ;protective factors

57
Q

most therapists use a ________________ which is a combination of ideas and therapeutic techniques

A

prescriptuive eclectic therapy

58
Q

external factors (psychosocial influence):

A

familial factors

peer influence

59
Q

the three types of parenting styles and explain them:

A
  1. authoritarian parenting (restrictive, overcontrolling, “helicoptor parent” - harsh my way or highway)
  2. permissive parenting
    - no structure or leadership
  3. authoritative parenting- adaptive, explain reasoning; warm
60
Q

children of authoritarian parents may

A

internalize, externalize problems

- poorer intellectural development

61
Q

children of permissive parents may

A

internalize, eternalize problems

62
Q

what influence does peer popoularity have on kids

A

popular kids are better adjusted

63
Q

two integrative paradigms of integrative paradigm

A

diathesis-stress paradigm
biopsychosocial paradigm
- both emphase interplay ampng biological psychologcial and socil/environmental perspectives

64
Q

diathesis-stress paradigm explained:

A

not limited to one school of thought

about interaction between predisposition to diseases (diathesis) and enviro disturbances (stress)

65
Q

________ for a disorder increases a persons risk for itq

A

diathesis

66
Q

diathesis definition

A

prediosposition towards a certain disease

67
Q

differential susceptibility factos

A

expected adverse reaction to negtaive experines and positive to positive experinces
- -
+ +

68
Q

explain biopsychosocial paradigm

A

biological, psychological, social factors are subsystsmes

- complex reactions

69
Q

what is a risk factor

A

factors that interact to put perople at greater risk of developing disorders

70
Q

what are protective factors

A

factors that if present can help protect individuals from developing disorders

71
Q

what is resilience

A

the ability to bounce back inthe face of adversity

72
Q

how does social economic status (SES) interact with other factors

A

high SES leads to low severe internalizating and externalizing symptoms

low SES leads to increases chronic maternal stress during the childs infancy

Year 2 Semester 2 (18 decks)

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