Abnormal Week 2 Flashcards

(72 cards)

1
Q

a set of basic assumptions, a general perspective that defines how to :

  • Conceptualize and study a subject
  • Gather and interpret relevant data
  • Think about a particular subject
  • determines what info we neglect
A

paradigm

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2
Q

paradigm that is the continuation of the somatogenic hypothesis

A

the biological paradigm

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3
Q

what perspective is this:

individual behavioural differences attributable to geneic makeup; clinical syndromes are disorders of phenotype not genotype

A

behavioural geneticsn

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4
Q

the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins

A

concordance rate

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5
Q

what we are born with - fixed, not static but switches on and off over time; unobservable

A

genotype

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6
Q

result of genotype + environment interaction

A

phenotype

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7
Q

the assumption twins have the same number of stressful life experiences in order to measure heritability

A

equal environment assumption

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8
Q

the perspective of :_________

tries to specificy particular genes involved, and the precie function of target genes

A

molecular genetics perspective of biological paradigm

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9
Q

differences in style of expressing behaviours; appears to be innate

A

temperament

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10
Q

types of temperament

A

resilient
over-controlling
under-controlling

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11
Q

resilient temperament type

A

cpoes will with adversity; adapts and is high functioning; high self-esteem; high school preformance

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12
Q

the over controlling temperament

A

overly inhibited and preone to istress; linked with shyness and loneliness; moderate self-esteem; moderate school preformance

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13
Q

the under controlling temperament

A

impulsive and can seem out of control sometimes (prone to acting out and aggreeive behaviours; externalizes problems; school problems; sometimes lower IQ and school preformance

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14
Q

_______perspective of paaradigm _____:

deals with neuroscience

A

biochemistry perspective of biological paradigm

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15
Q

______: reducing what is studied to basic elements; influential among biologivcal psychologists who reduce things to a body defect

A

reductionism

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16
Q

the two perspectives of the cognitive-behavioural paradigm

A
  • the behavioural/ learning perspective

- the cognitive perpesctive

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17
Q

strengthening behaviour bu adding somethign good

A

positive reinforment

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18
Q

strengthening behaviour by removing something good

A

negative reinforment

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19
Q

strengthening behaviour by adding something bad

A

positive punishment

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20
Q

strengthening behaviour by removing somethign bad

A

negative punishment

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21
Q

re-learning a response to a stimulus

A

counterconditioning

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22
Q

stimulus attractive to client paired with unpleasent event

A

systematic desensitization/ adversive conditioning

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23
Q

forced prolonged exposure to a stimulus

A

flooding exposure

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24
Q

counterconditioning techniques

A
  • flooding exposure
  • systematic desensitization
  • operant conditioning
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25
____: perspective of ____ where the client is an active interpreter of a situation and the clients past knowledge is a perceptual tunnel for new experiences
the cognitive perspective of the cognitive-behavioural paradigm
26
the ______ perspective of the _____ paradigm: focusing on observavle behaviours and views abnormal behaviours as learned responses
the behavioural/ learning perspective of the cognitive-behaviour paradigm
27
explain Becks therapy
cognitive behavioural therapy - created for depression- challenges schemas and irrational beliefs, changing pattern of thought preseumed to be causing a disturbed emotion of behaviour, with homework,
28
what has shown to be more effective than antidepressants in the long term
cognitive behavioural therapy CBT
29
who was ratino-emotive behaviuora therapy (REBT) created by
albert ellis
30
explain REBT
rational emotive behaviour therpay - internal senstences ppl repeat to themselves - self-statements reflect unspoken assumptions - aims to eliminate self-defeating irrational beliefs though the ratinoal examination of them and discover more ratinoal ways of observing the world
31
what therapy is known to be used by therapists who had a more direct, aggressive style... why?
rational-emotive behaviour therapy | - bc they eliminate irratinoal thoughts by doing a ratinoal examination of them
32
what paradigm did freud create
the psychanalytic paradigm
33
explain the psychoanalytic paradigm
psychpathology result of unconscious conflicts | - contains anxieties, defence mechanism, psychoanalytic theory
34
anxieies of psychoanalytic theory
1. objective anxiety: realistic; reality-connected 2. neurotic anxiety: not realistic; tensino of ID by ego 3. moral anxiety: arises when expectazations are not met, fear of punishment; tension of superego with ego; superego punishes person for ego
35
explain the defence mechanism: repression
psuhes unacceptable impulses into unconscious
36
explain the defence mechanism: displace
redirecting emotional response | ; can't be angry at prof so will get angry at my dog
37
explain the defence mechanism: reaction formation
coverting one feeling into opposite
38
explain the defence mechanism: regression
retreating to behaviour of earlier age
39
explain the defence mechanism: sublimation
convertinf ID desire into a productive behaviour
40
ID:
instinctual desires
41
Superego
critical, moral role
42
ego
rational oragnized realistic part
43
_______: the therapists feelings towards the client which if you are ther\pist need to be aware of in order to be as objective as possible
countertransferance
44
______: clients view of therapist as symbolic ; certain emotions or feelings toward therapist
transference
45
what does psychodynamic therapy involve
rapid early assessment, concrete goals to improve clien't worse symptoms and enable client to cope better; transference not encouraged
46
therapy created by harry stack sullivan
interpersonal therpay
47
describe interpersonal therapy
client and their social environment, improve communication with others; our needs met determines if others needs are met
48
what makes interpersonal therapy less effective
if the client has experienced abuse as a child
49
explain the rational behind dream analysis
the ego is relaxed and you can sometimes come to understand things too unacceptable to enter conscious mind directly- which shows up in dreams
50
criticisms of psychoanalytic theory
- not scientific, based on acedotes during therapy sessions
51
what paradigm is insight focused and helps clients understand so they can treat the motives of their behaviours; focuses on free will of person most importatn characteritic of a person
humanistic paradigm
52
explain the humanistic paradigm
- doesnt focus on cause, but on interventions - say with support people will flourish/ self-actualize - anxiety occurs when there is a discrepancy between one's self-perceptions and one's ideal self
53
therapies of humanistic paradigm
carl rodgers- client-centered therapy | gestalt therapy- fritz pearl
54
explain client-centered therapy..... and who invented it?
carl rodgers invented - humans guided by innate tendency towards self-actualization - understod only from person's own eprception - create conditinos that will facilitate independent decision-making by the client - unconditional positive regard - empathy
55
2 types of empathy in client-centered empathy
``` primary empathy (refers to therapists undertanding and involves restating) advanced empathy (inference by therapist, involves interpretation) ```
56
what is positive psychology
a focus on flourishing attributes that emphasize wellness ;protective factors
57
most therapists use a ________________ which is a combination of ideas and therapeutic techniques
prescriptuive eclectic therapy
58
external factors (psychosocial influence):
familial factors | peer influence
59
the three types of parenting styles and explain them:
1. authoritarian parenting (restrictive, overcontrolling, "helicoptor parent" - harsh my way or highway) 2. permissive parenting - no structure or leadership 3. authoritative parenting\- adaptive, explain reasoning; warm
60
children of authoritarian parents may
internalize, externalize problems | - poorer intellectural development
61
children of permissive parents may
internalize, eternalize problems
62
what influence does peer popoularity have on kids
popular kids are better adjusted
63
two integrative paradigms of integrative paradigm
diathesis-stress paradigm biopsychosocial paradigm - both emphase interplay ampng biological psychologcial and socil/environmental perspectives
64
diathesis-stress paradigm explained:
not limited to one school of thought | about interaction between predisposition to diseases (diathesis) and enviro disturbances (stress)
65
________ for a disorder increases a persons risk for itq
diathesis
66
diathesis definition
prediosposition towards a certain disease
67
differential susceptibility factos
expected adverse reaction to negtaive experines and positive to positive experinces - - + +
68
explain biopsychosocial paradigm
biological, psychological, social factors are subsystsmes | - complex reactions
69
what is a risk factor
factors that interact to put perople at greater risk of developing disorders
70
what are protective factors
factors that if present can help protect individuals from developing disorders
71
what is resilience
the ability to bounce back inthe face of adversity
72
how does social economic status (SES) interact with other factors
high SES leads to low severe internalizating and externalizing symptoms low SES leads to increases chronic maternal stress during the childs infancy