Abnormal Week 3 Flashcards
observable behaviour or state
symptome
a group or pattern of symptoms that tend to occur together in a particular disease
syndrome
behavioural, somatic, or psychological syndromes associated with current distress or disability
mental disorder
approach to assessment of mental disorders depends on :
- practical factors (cost of assessment)
- theoretical orientation of the assessingpsychologist
refers to consistency of measurement
reliability
- better correlation better the reliability
what is alternate-form reliability
using two forms of a test
what is internal consistency reliability
assess if the items on test are related to one another
does this measure fulfill its intended purpose? if so this emasure is ______
valid
unreliable measure will not have good ____ why
validity bc it cannot fulfill its intended purpose if its not the saem every time
what is content validity
whether a measure adequately samples the domain of interest
what is criterion validity
whether a measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure (the criterion)
construct validity
a test or measure of some characterstuc or construct that is not simply defined - evaluated by looking at wide variety of data freom multiple sources
describe clinical nterviews
the paradigm in which the interviewer influencers the type of info sought, how its obtained and how it is interpreted
reliability od unstructured clinical interviews
relies on intuitiona nd general experience of interviewer
- reliability for INTIAL clinical interviews is low
- therapy is longitudinal in nature
what are structured in interviews used for
to obtained standardized indo, inter-rater reliability is good
structured clinical interview diagnosis (SCID)
provides DSM diagnosis
- uses branchoing - clients answer guids next question asked
- symptoms rated on 3 point scale of severity
- training and lots of practice
is evidence-based assessment used often?
no
- practical reasons, clinical relevance, experience, economic pressures…. istead used evidence informed practiuces
psychological tests complement _____
interviews
standardized procedures desgned to measure a person’s performance on a particular task : ______
psychological tests
3 types of psychological tests
- personality inventories
- projective tests
- intelligence tests
explain minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
inexpensive means of detecting psychopathology
- deisgned to detect multiple psychological problems
- used to screen ppl for which clinical interviews not possible
- 14-18 and adults
- one elemtn of diagnosis
what is the MMPI fake-bad scale
minnesoda multiphasic personality inventory fake-bad used to identiy ppl who are faking but misclissified ppl with problems as faking
a set of standard stimuli, ambigous enough to allow variation in responses to determine unconscious processes
—- exmaple
projective personality testsrorchach inkblot tests
- thematic apperception test - black and white photo story telling
paradigm projectivetests came from …. emant to why?
psychoanalytic paradigm
bypass defence mechanism
controversies about projective measures
more vaild in some context than others - ink blot and schizophrenia
verbal ability, problem solving skills, capacity to learn from experience, ability to adapt to the environment
intelligence
alfred binet created what to measure ability of people
list of 30 ascending ordered of difficultyitems - ppl should tests at age - mentl vs actual age
the mental quotient
ratio of mental age and chronological age
IQ means
intelligence quotient (mental/ chronological)*100
standardized means of assessing a person;s current mental ability
intelligence test by stanford-binet
how talked about emotional intelligence
daniel goleman - capacity to be aware, regulatem express ones emotions while taking tinto accoun others feelings
what was high emotional intelligence associated with
reduced depression proneness, greater levels of subjective well being (but not of social interactions)
in canadian univeristy styudents, emotional intelligence was used to predict ________
levels of anxiety, depression and life satisfaction
the heart of case formulation
the WORKING HYPOTHESIS
elements of case formulation
individualized, revisable, collaborative, strengths and assests, treatment plan
case formulation is used as base for ________
interventions
how to directly observe behaviour in therapy
create artificial situations
see how they react under specific conditions
biological assessment - brain imaging types - computerized axial tomography
- small amount of radiation
- cross-sectional images
- sess enlargeed ventricles, tumours, blood clots
biological assessment - brain imaging types magnetic resonance imaging
does not rely on radiation, better than CT, clearer image
- magnetic fields
biological assessment - brain imaging types fMRI
brain at work - mapping activation
biological assessment - brain imaging types - positron emission tompography
PET scane
- brian function - most expsensive and invasice
-
neuropsychological assessment
- measure how behaviour correlates with brain functio
- give treatment reccomendations
- assess patients feelings about their syndrome
a physician who specializes in medical diseases that affect nervous system
neurologist
a psychologist that studies the dysfunctio of the brain and how that aggects how that person feels, thinks and behaves
neuropsychologiist
psychophysiological assessment
concerned with bodily changes that accompany psychological events or that are associated with a person’s psychological characteristics
the study of frequency of disorders in population
epidemiology
co-occurenace of different disorders
comorbidity
dimensional vs categorical classification
dimensional - scores on a scale
categorical - yes or no
first DSM
relied on psychodynamic concepts
short, not many disorders
DSM III
more than twice the size, many more disorders
- focused on empirical data instead of psychodynamic theory
- included explicit diagnostic criteria , focused on treatment
DSM II
relied on psychodynamic concepts
not much different
DSM IV and IV-R
more disorders, same structure
DSM 5
huge - elimination of multiaxial system - now v-code - factors that have stronf influence on treatment that are not disorders - that impact treatment - ex: child abuse
- reduces “not otherwise speficied” -
- underspecified - put w diagnosis no reason
otherspeciifed - w diagnosis and reason given
what DSM had multi-axial classifications and what is it
DSM III and each perosn rated on 5 seperate dimentsion scale to know person better
- principal conditions that need immediate medical attention
- personality disorers and mental retardation
- general medical conditions of client as realted to their disorder
- pwsychosocial envio problems
- current level of functioning 0-100
the consistency of a measurement is called
reliability
