Abnormal Week 1 Flashcards
what is the definition of psychology?
The scientific study of behaviour and cognitive processes
a field concerned with the nature and development of abnormal (ABC):
- affect
- behaviors
- cognitions
psychopathology
pathos = suffering
The 5 characteristics of abnormal behaviour are:
statistical infrequency violation of norms personal suffering disability or dysfunction unexpectedness
what is one things that defines abnormal behaviour in and of itself?
nothing, there are several characteristics together that begin to define abnormality
most primary mental health care is delivered by _____:
general practitioners
______: typically have a Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree (4-7yrs grad work)
clinical psychologists
______: hold an MD degree and have postgraduate training in which they receive supervision in the practice of diagnosing and psychotherapy
Psychiatrists
name the time period: mental disorders (or behaviors seemingly outside of individual control) were believed to be caused by external, supernatural, entities - if you do bad things god will punish you, bad things will happen
Ancient times
the doctrine that an evil being (ex: devil) may dwell within a person and control them
demonology
_______ was often used as treatment for demonology
exorcisim
________ was the surgical opening in a living skull by an instrument
trepanning
trepanning was used by___________ and introduced to Americas from ______
stone age or Neolithic cave dwellers
Siberia
________ separated medicine from religion, magic and superstition; rejected belief god sent physical diseases and mental disturbances as punishment but insisted they had natural causes
Hippocrates
______ was one of earliest proponents of somatogensis
Hippocrates
_____: mental disorders caused by deviant soma functioning and disturbs thought or action
somatogensis
______: mental disorders originate from psychological malfunctions
psychogenesis
Hippocrates mental classifications
1.
2.
3.
- mania
- melancholia
- phrenitis (brain fever)
describe Hippocrates’ humoral physiology
thought mental health was dependent on balance of four bodily humours
- phlegm
- blood
- yellow bile
- black bile
excess of Phlegm resulted in
sluggish, grumpy
excess of blood resulted in
warm, affectionate, sensual
excess yellow bile resulted in
irritable, angry
excess in black bile resulted in
melancholia, moping
name the time period:
- churches gained influence
- Christian monasteries replaced physicians for mental disorder healers and physicians
- monks care for sick and touched them with relics
the dark ages and demonology
Pope_______ exhorted European clergy to leave no stone unturned when searching for witches
Pope innocent VIII
The malleus maleficarum is ____
a manual used to guide witch hunters
the mentally ill were thought to be witches - T/F?
Both, but many “witches” were not mentally ill at all, just seemed insane due t torture/abuse during interrogations
______ were converted into asylums since there were used to previously hold many patients
leprosariums
a descriptive word for a place or scene of wild uproar and confusion:________
why?
bedlam
- St. Mary of Bethlehem devoted to mentally ill had horrible conditions; became tourist attraction
_____________ considered father of American psychiatry
Benjamin rush
treatments by Benjamin rush
draining blood, frightening
_______ primary figure for humanitarian treatment of mentally ill in asylums
thought disorder were due to personal events and imbalance of passions (anger, disgust, self-hatred ect)
Philippe pinel
_______ argued that development of mental ill services in Canada, British NA
Sussman
Explain Dorthea Dix contributions
tried to resurrect moral treatment after shocked from conditions
- campaigned for multiple hospitals but moral treatment didn’t last long as the state hospitals lacked staff and space and physicians began allocating all money to labs as they focused on biological causes for mental illnesses
_______ was admitted to women’s lunatic asylum on new York’s Blackwell’s island.
why?
Nellie Bly
faked insanity, once in acted normal but took her 10 days to get out. Doctors found her normal behaviour evidence of metal illness
Explain David Rosenhan’s study
defining insanity
8 participants complained of hearing voices - admitted to mental hospitals with mission to get discharged once actually in
- got schizophrenia diagnosis
- took 3 weeks to get out
what did David Rosenhan’s study lead to ?
modification of the DSMII
the goal of _____ is to shift care from psychiatric hospitals to the community
- has been going on for more than 40 yrs in Canada
deinstitutionalization
_____: the process of providing more spots in psychiatric units in general hospitals for patients rather than in psychiatric hospitals
transinstitutionalization
______ the primary reason why only 1/3 Canadians who suffer from depression seek help
stigma
_______: the tendency to internalize mental health stigma and see oneself in more negative terms as a result of experiencing a psychological problem
self-stigma
_______: the accurate knowledge that a person develops about mental illness and its causes and treatment
mental health literacy
mental illness in Canada:
_____ people will have a mental disorder in their lifetime
1 in 3 people
mental illness in Canada: _______ people will have an addiction at some point
1 in 5
women or men more common?
- mood or anxiety disorder
- substance abuse
- eating attitudes and agoraphobia (unsafe envoi, no way to escape)
mood or anxiety - women
substance - men
eating / agoraphobia - women
provinces with most happiness and least distress?
newfoundland and Labrador and PEI
what province reported high self-esteem and mastery but last happiness and most distress?
Quebec
why the poor are more at risk for diagnosable mental disorder , less access
- rural living
- less means
- less help seeking
_____: the phenomenon that immigrants have comparatively lower rates of health problems than Canadian-born members of the population (adults)
the healthy immigrant effect
- children who were young when immigrated here are closer to Canadian-born levels
some consequences of deinstitutionalization
homelessness incarceration burden on caregivers limited access wait times
what do community psychologists do
instead of waiting for people to initiate contact, they go out and seek problems/ potential problems focusing on prevention or reduction of problems
