Abnormal Week 7 Flashcards
what was PTSD called before any of the World Wars?
- after WWI?
- after WWII?
before any world wars: Solider’s heart
after WWI: shell shock
after WWII: combat fatigue
what makes PTSD so different from any other disorders
the definition includes part of its cause
how is PTSD defined
an extreme response to a severe stressor,
secondary traumatic stress
hearing about first hand trauma encountered by another
- can occur in professionals in trauma
PTSD - when does it begin?
there is an initial latency period - could take 1 month, could take years, before symptoms manifest - but once they being they will follow a chronic course
how many people who experiece a traumatic event/ severe trauma experience PTSD
1 in 3 people who experience severe trauma
for diagnosis of PTSD how long do symptoms need to last
longer than 1 month
to diagnose acute stress disorder
symptoms have to last longer than 3 days and less than 1 month
- onsets quicker than PTSD
- causes significant social impairment and impairment of operational functioning
categories of symptoms for PTSD
- intrusive symptoms
- persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event beginning after the ebent has occured
- marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event
- negative alteration in cognition and moods association with the traumatic event
difference between panic disorder and PTSD
panic disorders - no cause of the panic attacks
- PTSD- panic attacks are brought on by experiencing the event
risk factors for PTSD and being exposed to trauma
- exposure to previous traumas
- women 2x higher than males for experiencing PTSD
- experiencing multiple traumas may make one more vulnerable to previous PTSD symptoms when experiencing a new trauma
Males vs females and PTSD
males - have higher levels of trauma exposure
females - more likely to develop PTSD
most common trauma for women with PTSD
(1/3 women)
child sexual abuse, and sexual assault -
protective factors against PTSD
- being exposed to less severe events
- having high intelligence (115+)
what percentage of people who experience a traumatic event leading to physical injury subsequently develop PTSD
25%
cognitive theories of PTSD
- disorder of memory
- the hallmark being constant involuntary recollection of the traumatic event
what is crisis intervention regarding PTSD
that it is best to intervene in some fashion as soon as possible after a traumatic event before the PTSD develops - since there is a latency period
Types of treatment for PTSD
mostly CBT based
1) prolonged exposure therapy (gold standard)
2) narrative exposure therapy (NET)
3) virtual reality
4) eye movement desis
what is prolonged exposure therapy
the gold standard treatment for PTSD
- changes appraisal
gradual desensitization training to traumatic event (commonly through imagery)
- 8-15 sessions 1.5-2h
- in-vivo exposure
- focuses on worst traumatic events
- leads to extinction of fear response and changes the meaning of the triggering stimuli
what is narrative exposure therapy (NET)
most often used in the case of mulitple traumas
- converts fragmented memories of relative events into coherent narratives
- important to make sure patients do not disconnect with the present during therapy
- targets ALL TRAUMATIC EVENTS
- 1/per week for 320 minutes
virtual reality treatment
virtual Iraq system
2 possible scenarios
benefits: less stigma than seeing a psychologist; used as preventative treatment and resilience training before deployment
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
follow therapists finger while recounting traumatic story, after verbalizing story, patient is encouraged to follow finger and think positive thoughts
