Developmental Midterm 2 Flashcards
definition of intelligence
Intelligence involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning…. Linda Gottfredson (1997)
Describe Gerdner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence
- has 9 intelligences
- believes they are seperate but associated
- intelligent person does not have to have a high aility in all intelligence areas, may have one of strength
the 9 intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal (understanding of others in social situations), intrapersonal (understanding of self), naturalistic, existential
Explain Sternberg’s Theory of successful Intelligence
successful intelligence uses one’s abilities skillfully to achieve personal goals (how to thrive in current environment)
- three different abilities involved in successful intelligence
1. analytic
2. creative
3. practical
why does sternberg think his theory of intelligence is the best theory of intelligence
he believes his is more generalizable acorss cultures
- others are biased towards certain cultures
Explain Psychometric theories of intelligence
- use test performance patterns, use stats
- most widely used in north america right now
- fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) theory of multiple intelligence
explain the CHC theory of multiple intelligences
cattell-horn-carroll
- there is a general intelligence with narrow abilites
- originally had 7 factors, now has 16 factors
Broad and narrow abilities
measure of general intelligence ‘g’
theory and research-based
describe the Stanford-Binet Test
gives intelligence score, intelligence quotient (IQ)
- used mental age to distinguish bright from dull
avergage IQ = 100
What is the WISK test of intelligence
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
The full scale IQ (results in general “g” intelligence score)
- verbal comprehension, visual-spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, processing speed
Are intelligence stable over time?
not over long periods of time, and infant tests do not reliably predict adult IQ ,,,, the oder the infant is, the better the correlation between IQ tests of the same person is with an adult
what is a good predictor of school success if infant intelligence tests aren’t reliable
self-discipline measures
what are infant intelligence tests good for/ predict
results of infant tests can identify children whose development is at rosk
effects of hereditary on intelligence
genetics has some influence
patterns of hereditary influences on development
environmental influence on telligence
home environments
- children with highn test scores come from well organized homes
what is the flynn effect
IQ scores are increasing over generatinos
impact of ethnicity and socioeconomic status on intelligence
led to creastion of culture-fair tests
- highest to lowest scores of canadinas
- asians-european-hispanic-african
what is a stereotype threat
knowledge of stereotypes lead to anxiety and reduced performance
- self esteem boost beforehand results in improved scores
what are culture-fair intelligence tests
intelligence where your culture should not have any impact ex: not in a specific language, not using any previous knowledge
definition of a gifted child
traditionally refers to soemone who scores at least 130 (2 SD above mean)
____ children are often more mature and have fewer emotional problems
gifted children
as adults ___ children are more satisfied with careers, relationships, and life in general
gifted
_____ is associated with divergent thinking (which is not assessed on intelligence tests)
creative thinking
DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of an intellectual disability
- deficits in intellectual functioning (2SD below mean (70)) (NEED FOR DIAGNOSIS)
- concurrent deficits or impariments in adaptive functioning (NEED FOR DIAGNOSIS)
- below-average intellectual and adaptive abilites must be evident prior to age 18
what is adaptive functioning
how effectively individuals cope with ordinary life demands and how capable they are of living independently
prevalance of intellectual diabilities
1-3% population
twice as many males as females (mild cases)
- more prevalant among children of lowere socio-economic status and minority groups, especially for mild cases
- more severe levels areabout equal for different racial and economic groups
most common case of inherited intellectual disorder
fragile-X syndrome –> easily broken
Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes
are inherited and caused by an abnormality with chromosome 15
down syndrom is usually the result of ______
failure of the 21st pair of the mother’s chromosomes to seperate during meiosis -
- causes an additional chromosome
inborn errors of metabolism
single-gene conditions
single gene conditions cause what % of severe intellectual disorders
3-7% of severe intellectual disorders
what are single-gene conditions
excesses or chortages of certain chemicals which are necessary during developmental stages
neurobiological influences of intellectual disorder
- adverse biological conditions ex: infections, trauma
- FASD (-.5-2 per 1000 births)
- Teratogens
difference between the learning diability definition for Canada, and the DSM-5
need to have average ability in other areas in the Canadian definition
assessemt of learning disorders include
background information
psychoeducational testing
Prevalance of course of of specific learning disorders
about 2-10% population
causes of specific learning disorders
difficulty integrating info
social and psychological causes of SLDs
co-ocurrance emotional disturbances and other signs of poor adaptive ability
preventions/treatments for learning disabilites
no biological treatments exists for learning disbilites
- brief window of opprotunity for successful treatment (if successfully identified first)
phonology:
sounds of a language
who first reported a general ‘g’ of intelligence
charles spearman
carrolls hierarchiacal theory of intelligence
general –> with 8 below including fluid and crystallized –> with multiple below that
the ability to use one’s own emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily
emotional intelligence
pragmatics:
how people use language to communicate effectively
________ are sounds that are the building blocks of language
phonemes
cooing occurs at _____ months
2 months
vowel-like sounds
babbling occurs at ____ months
6 months
speech-like sounds that have no meaning
psychologists who specilize in measuriung psychological characteristics such as intelligence and personality
psychometricians
Features of major approaches to intelligence: successful intelligence is defined as the use of analytic, creative, and practical abilites to pursue personal goals
Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence
carrolls hierarchiacal theory of intelligence
general –> with 8 below including fluid and crystallized –> with multiple below that
the ability to use one’s own emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily
emotional intelligence
_____ involves analyzing problems and generating different solutions
analytic ability
_____ involves dealing adaptively with novel situations and problems
creative ability
_____ invovles knowing what solution or plan will actually work
practical ability
Features of major approaches to intelligence: intelligence is a hierarchy og general and specific skills
psychometric
Features of major approaches to intelligence: nine distinct intelligences exist: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
Features of major approaches to intelligence: successful intelligence is defined as the use of analytic, creative, and practical abilites to pursue personal goals
Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence
who introduced the concept of mental age (MA)
Binet and Simon
who described persformance as an intelligence quotient, IQ, which is the ratio of mental age to chronological age multipled by 100
Lewis Terman
- he furtheres the binet-simon test
what test(s) are used to test infant intelligence
bayley scales
what is the best predictor of intelligence later in life, to measure in kids now
how quickly someone habituates
_____ measures a child’s learning potential by having the child learn something new in the presence of the examiner and with the examiner;s help
dynamic testing
__________: the interdependence of the members of the community (this is much more important aspect of life for Aboriginal cultures than for mainstream Canadian cultures)
collectivity
How does Ethnicity and SES relate to IQ scores
Ethnicity
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