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Year 2 Semester 2 > Developmental Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Developmental Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of intelligence

A

Intelligence involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning…. Linda Gottfredson (1997)

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2
Q

Describe Gerdner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence

A
  • has 9 intelligences
  • believes they are seperate but associated
  • intelligent person does not have to have a high aility in all intelligence areas, may have one of strength
the 9 intelligences:
 linguistic,
 logical-mathematical, spatial,
 musical,
 bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal (understanding of others in social situations), intrapersonal (understanding of self), naturalistic,
 existential
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3
Q

Explain Sternberg’s Theory of successful Intelligence

A

successful intelligence uses one’s abilities skillfully to achieve personal goals (how to thrive in current environment)

  • three different abilities involved in successful intelligence
    1. analytic
    2. creative
    3. practical
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4
Q

why does sternberg think his theory of intelligence is the best theory of intelligence

A

he believes his is more generalizable acorss cultures

- others are biased towards certain cultures

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5
Q

Explain Psychometric theories of intelligence

A
  • use test performance patterns, use stats
  • most widely used in north america right now
  • fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence

CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) theory of multiple intelligence

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6
Q

explain the CHC theory of multiple intelligences

A

cattell-horn-carroll
- there is a general intelligence with narrow abilites
- originally had 7 factors, now has 16 factors
Broad and narrow abilities
measure of general intelligence ‘g’
theory and research-based

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7
Q

describe the Stanford-Binet Test

A

gives intelligence score, intelligence quotient (IQ)
- used mental age to distinguish bright from dull
avergage IQ = 100

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8
Q

What is the WISK test of intelligence

- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

A

The full scale IQ (results in general “g” intelligence score)
- verbal comprehension, visual-spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, processing speed

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9
Q

Are intelligence stable over time?

A

not over long periods of time, and infant tests do not reliably predict adult IQ ,,,, the oder the infant is, the better the correlation between IQ tests of the same person is with an adult

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10
Q

what is a good predictor of school success if infant intelligence tests aren’t reliable

A

self-discipline measures

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11
Q

what are infant intelligence tests good for/ predict

A

results of infant tests can identify children whose development is at rosk

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12
Q

effects of hereditary on intelligence

A

genetics has some influence

patterns of hereditary influences on development

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13
Q

environmental influence on telligence

A

home environments

- children with highn test scores come from well organized homes

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14
Q

what is the flynn effect

A

IQ scores are increasing over generatinos

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15
Q

impact of ethnicity and socioeconomic status on intelligence

A

led to creastion of culture-fair tests

  • highest to lowest scores of canadinas
  • asians-european-hispanic-african
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16
Q

what is a stereotype threat

A

knowledge of stereotypes lead to anxiety and reduced performance
- self esteem boost beforehand results in improved scores

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17
Q

what are culture-fair intelligence tests

A

intelligence where your culture should not have any impact ex: not in a specific language, not using any previous knowledge

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18
Q

definition of a gifted child

A

traditionally refers to soemone who scores at least 130 (2 SD above mean)

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19
Q

____ children are often more mature and have fewer emotional problems

A

gifted children

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20
Q

as adults ___ children are more satisfied with careers, relationships, and life in general

A

gifted

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21
Q

_____ is associated with divergent thinking (which is not assessed on intelligence tests)

A

creative thinking

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22
Q

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of an intellectual disability

A
  • deficits in intellectual functioning (2SD below mean (70)) (NEED FOR DIAGNOSIS)
  • concurrent deficits or impariments in adaptive functioning (NEED FOR DIAGNOSIS)
  • below-average intellectual and adaptive abilites must be evident prior to age 18
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23
Q

what is adaptive functioning

A

how effectively individuals cope with ordinary life demands and how capable they are of living independently

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24
Q

prevalance of intellectual diabilities

A

1-3% population
twice as many males as females (mild cases)
- more prevalant among children of lowere socio-economic status and minority groups, especially for mild cases
- more severe levels areabout equal for different racial and economic groups

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25
Q

most common case of inherited intellectual disorder

A

fragile-X syndrome –> easily broken

26
Q

Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes

A

are inherited and caused by an abnormality with chromosome 15

27
Q

down syndrom is usually the result of ______

A

failure of the 21st pair of the mother’s chromosomes to seperate during meiosis -
- causes an additional chromosome

28
Q

inborn errors of metabolism

A

single-gene conditions

29
Q

single gene conditions cause what % of severe intellectual disorders

A

3-7% of severe intellectual disorders

30
Q

what are single-gene conditions

A

excesses or chortages of certain chemicals which are necessary during developmental stages

31
Q

neurobiological influences of intellectual disorder

A
  • adverse biological conditions ex: infections, trauma
  • FASD (-.5-2 per 1000 births)
  • Teratogens
32
Q

difference between the learning diability definition for Canada, and the DSM-5

A

need to have average ability in other areas in the Canadian definition

33
Q

assessemt of learning disorders include

A

background information

psychoeducational testing

34
Q

Prevalance of course of of specific learning disorders

A

about 2-10% population

35
Q

causes of specific learning disorders

A

difficulty integrating info

36
Q

social and psychological causes of SLDs

A

co-ocurrance emotional disturbances and other signs of poor adaptive ability

37
Q

preventions/treatments for learning disabilites

A

no biological treatments exists for learning disbilites

- brief window of opprotunity for successful treatment (if successfully identified first)

38
Q

phonology:

A

sounds of a language

39
Q

who first reported a general ‘g’ of intelligence

A

charles spearman

40
Q

carrolls hierarchiacal theory of intelligence

A

general –> with 8 below including fluid and crystallized –> with multiple below that

41
Q

the ability to use one’s own emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily

A

emotional intelligence

42
Q

pragmatics:

A

how people use language to communicate effectively

43
Q

________ are sounds that are the building blocks of language

A

phonemes

44
Q

cooing occurs at _____ months

A

2 months

vowel-like sounds

45
Q

babbling occurs at ____ months

A

6 months

speech-like sounds that have no meaning

46
Q

psychologists who specilize in measuriung psychological characteristics such as intelligence and personality

A

psychometricians

47
Q

Features of major approaches to intelligence: successful intelligence is defined as the use of analytic, creative, and practical abilites to pursue personal goals

A

Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence

48
Q

carrolls hierarchiacal theory of intelligence

A

general –> with 8 below including fluid and crystallized –> with multiple below that

49
Q

the ability to use one’s own emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily

A

emotional intelligence

50
Q

_____ involves analyzing problems and generating different solutions

A

analytic ability

51
Q

_____ involves dealing adaptively with novel situations and problems

A

creative ability

52
Q

_____ invovles knowing what solution or plan will actually work

A

practical ability

53
Q

Features of major approaches to intelligence: intelligence is a hierarchy og general and specific skills

A

psychometric

54
Q

Features of major approaches to intelligence: nine distinct intelligences exist: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential

A

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences

55
Q

Features of major approaches to intelligence: successful intelligence is defined as the use of analytic, creative, and practical abilites to pursue personal goals

A

Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence

56
Q

who introduced the concept of mental age (MA)

A

Binet and Simon

57
Q

who described persformance as an intelligence quotient, IQ, which is the ratio of mental age to chronological age multipled by 100

A

Lewis Terman

- he furtheres the binet-simon test

58
Q

what test(s) are used to test infant intelligence

A

bayley scales

59
Q

what is the best predictor of intelligence later in life, to measure in kids now

A

how quickly someone habituates

60
Q

_____ measures a child’s learning potential by having the child learn something new in the presence of the examiner and with the examiner;s help

A

dynamic testing

61
Q

__________: the interdependence of the members of the community (this is much more important aspect of life for Aboriginal cultures than for mainstream Canadian cultures)

A

collectivity

62
Q

How does Ethnicity and SES relate to IQ scores

A

Ethnicity

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Year 2 Semester 2 (18 decks)

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