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microbio II > Systemic/Endemic Mycoses > Flashcards

Systemic/Endemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

what do bipaahsic/dimorphic soil fungi cause?

A

pulmonary +/- systemic disease

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2
Q

what dimorphic fungi are responsible for the systemic (endemic) mycose?

A

-coccidioides immitus/posadasii
-histoplasma capsulatum
-blastomyces dermatitidis

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3
Q

what is the morphology of coccidiodes immitus and posadasii while it is within the host?

A

spherules

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4
Q

what is the morphology of coccidiodes immitus and posadasii within the environment?

A

arthroconidia

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5
Q

how is coccidiodes immitis & posadasii transmitted?

A

transmission via aerosols
dust storms
not communicable

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6
Q

when is coccidiodes immitis & posadasii most prevalent?

A

after summer monsoons and dust storms

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7
Q

In what species is coccidiodes immitis & posadasii most often reported?

A

dogs (esp. large breeds) and humans

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8
Q

what is the pathogenesis of coccidiodes immitis & posadasii?

A

following inhalation exposure to arthroconidia, coccidiodes forms spherules in lungs -> spherules mature, rupture, and can then disseminate to other tissues and organs

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9
Q

what are the clinical presentations of coccidiodes immitis & posadasii?

A

disseminated disease seen in immunocompromised dogs
skin: grave prognosis

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10
Q

how do you diagnose coccidiodes immitis & posadasii?

A

-history of exposure is critical
-serology
-sputum and bronchoalverolar lavage: spherules on cytologic examination
-periodic acid-schiff
-culture

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11
Q

what is the treatment for coccidiodes immitis & posadasii?

A

triazoles
amphotericin B

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12
Q

how do you prevent and control coccidiodes immitis & posadasii?

A

vaccinate
limit outdoor activities
reduce dust

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13
Q

what region is histoplasma capsulatum most prevalent?

A

Ohio and Mississippi River valleys

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14
Q

how is histoplasma capsulatum transmitted?

A

aeroso transmission +/- ingestion of microcondia

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15
Q

where in the environment is histoplasma capsulatum ?

A

-soil-dwelling fungi
-soil enriched with bird droppings
-bat guano

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16
Q

is histoplasma capsulatum zoonotic?

A

not horizontally or zoonotically transmissible

17
Q

in what type of patient does histoplasma capsulatum cause a more serious disease ?

A

disseminated disease more common/serious in immunosuppressed animals

18
Q

what is the pathogenesis of histoplasma capsulatum?

A
19
Q

what is the clinical presentation of histoplasma capsulatum in dogs?

A

lack of appetite
diarrhea

20
Q

what is the diagnosis for histoplasma capsulatum?

A

-yeast in histo sections
-isolate and culture
-serology
-PCR

21
Q

what is the treatment for histoplasma capsulatum?

A

dogs and cats: itraconazole

22
Q

how do you prevent histoplasma capsulatum?

A

limit exposure

23
Q

In what geographical area does blastomyces dermatidis most common?

A

Mississippi and ohio

24
Q

In what environment does blastomyces dermatidis reside?

A

feces-enriched soils

25
Q

what is the morphology of balstomyces dermatidis?

A

broad-based budding yeast

26
Q

in what breed is blastomyces dermatitis most common?

A

most often seen in dogs, sporting breeds

27
Q

Is blastomyces dermatidis zoonotic?

A

nontransmissible from animals to humans or humans to humans

28
Q

what can the hematogenous spread of blastomyces dermatidis result in?

A

skin, kidney, vertebral/skeletal and male reproductive lesions forming granulomas

29
Q

what is the clinical presentation of blastomyces dermatidis?

A

-acute and chronic pulmonary disease
-disseminated disease: skin lesions

30
Q

how do you diagnose blastomyces dermatidis?

A

-wet mount smear that may show broad-based yeast
-PCR

31
Q

what is the treatment for blastomyces dermatidis?

A

itraconazole
(CNS involvement carries poorest prognosis)

32
Q
A

microbio II (6 decks)

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