herpes !! Flashcards
herpes that infect horses
EHV 1
EHV 4
herpes that infect cattle
BHV 1
oHV2
AlHV11/2 (exotic MCF)
herpes that infect chickens
ILT
Marek’s disease
herpes that infect swine
pseudorabies
CMV
herpes that infect dogs
canine herpes virus
pseudorabies
herpes that infect cats
FHV
herpes that infect primates
herpes B virus
on histo how can you determine it is herpes?
intranuclear inculsion bodies
what are commonalities across all herpes infections?
majority of adults are latently infected (affects test interpretation)
can vaccination help with herpesvirus?
can help mitigate clinical signs, may not prevent infection
what is important to diagnose herpesviru?
clinical presentation and history
what does EHV cause?
abortions (mid-late pregnancy)
CNS effects
what does EHV 4 cause?
respiratory disease
how can EHV 1&4 cause transmission?
direct and indirect transmission through respiratory secretions, aborted fetus/placenta
what equine herpesvirus is associated with neurologic disease?
EHV1
how does EHV1 cause damage to the cell
CNS endothelial cell/vascualr damage
what is the treatment for equine herpesvirus?
supportive care
anti-inflammatories
-antivirals?
how to prevent equine herpes virus?
-isolation/restricting movement of affected animals or new introductions
-vaccinations
what is the vaccination protocol for equine herpes virus?
-foals: 4-6 months, booster
-high-risk animals: race, show animal
-pregnant mares: q2mons using inactivated vax
what disease complex is infectious bovine rhinotracheitis apart of?
bovine respiratory disease complex
what does infectious bovine rhinotracheitis cause?
abortions
conjunctivitis
what does bovine herpesvirus 1 cause in cattle?
abortions
what is the transmission and pathogenesis of IBR, bovine conjunctivitis?
direct contact
stressful events
what does ovine herpesvirus 2 cause?
endemic malignant catarrhal fever
what symptoms does malignant catarrhal fever cause?
excessive discharge of mucud in URT
-common asymptomatic infection
what species is OHV2/ endemic malignant catarrhal fever fatal in?
fatal bison, deer and antelope
alcelaphine herpesvirus1/2 also know as and what species common in?
exotic malignant catarrhal fever
-common in African wildebeest
can you distinguish between endemic and exotic MCF?
clinically indistinguishable
how do you diagnose bovine herpesvirus?
serology
fluorescent antibody test
PCR
treatment for bovine herpes viruses?
vaccination
isolation/separation
FHV1 is also apart of what disease?
feline viral rhinotracheitis
what does FHV1 cause in cats?
upper respiratory tract infection
how can you diagnose FHV1?
PCR
FA
what can reactivate latent infections of feline herpesvirus?
steroids
what type of environment does canine herpesvirus 1 need?
temperature dependent replication
acute symptoms of infectious laryngotracheitis?
severe dyspnea, cough
subacute symptoms of infectious laryngotracheitis?
nasal/ocular discharge
anorexia/lethargy
decrease egg production
what can Marek’s disease infected chickens survive in for months?
may survive for months in feather danger
what does Mareks disease target in the body?
virus targets T cells producing neoplastic cells
what does the neural form of Mareks disease affect ini the body?
peripheral nerves (sciatic) and CNS
what does the visceral form of Marek’s disease affect in the body?
internal organs and feather follicles
what are the three forms of Marek’s disease?
neural
peripheral
ocular form
how do you diagnose herpesvirus in chickens?
clinical signs and history
pathology
PCR
what is the treatment for herpesvirus in chickens?
culling affected animals
how can you prevent herpesvirus in chickens
biosecurity
genetic resistance
vaccination
what is the reservoir species for pseudorabies?
swine
where does pseudorabies reside during latency?
trigemina ganglion
symptoms of pseudorabies in the pig reservoir
age-associated survival and symptoms
-younger pigs worse
who are the dead-end hosts for pseudorabies and what are their symptoms?
all other domestic species
-2-3 day survival
-pruritus, CNS signs
pathogenesis of pseudorabies in swine
- oral exposure
- viral replication in oropharyngeal epithelium
- spread to regional lymph node via lymphatics
- spread to CNS via PNS
- latency established in trigeminal ganglion
what are the clinical signs of pseudorabies in swine?
neonatal pigs is 100 fatal
weaned pigs: resp
older pigs: low mortality
what is the treatment and control protocol for pseudorabies in domestic animals?
depopulation
all-in, all-out
vaccination
what does porcine cytomegalovirus (herpesvirus) cause in swine and at what age is it most apparent?
rhinitis and conjunctivitis
most apparent neonatal pig
what is the herpes virus of ducks?
duck viral enteritis
what herpes viruses don’t have a vaccine available?
MCF (ruminants)
CMV (swine)
when are herpesviral vaccine given? what factors affect the timing of vaccination?
typically young animals and those most at risk are vaccinated- including pregnant animals that show animals
in small animals herpesvirus vaccines are common components of regular vaccine schedules
what factor complicate herpesviral diagnosis?
latency can make distinguishing active infection from viral latency difficult while also sequestereing the virus to specific locations which are difficult to sample
how does adenovirus replicate?
drive cell into the S phase (DNA synthesis)
what are the clinical presentations for canine adenovirus 1 (ICH)?
blue eye disease
-conjunctivits
-type III hypersensitivity
how is canine adenovirus 1 transmitted?
CAV-1 MLV vaccines may cause blue eye
how is canine adenovirus prevented, how is CAV-2 used in routine vaccines?
DH(L)PPv vaccine incorporate CAV-2 which protects against CAV-1
is CAV 1 or CAV 2 more severe?
CAV 1
what is CAV 2 a potential component of?
component of canine tracheobronchitis
how can you diagnose canine adenovirus 1 and 2?
serology
PCR
egg drop syndrome is also know as
duck adenovirus 1
what is egg drop syndrome/ duck adenovirus pathogenesis of thee eggs?
pale eggs-> soft eggs-> shell-less eggs
no “drop” in production
what must you distinguish egg drop syndrome from?
Newcastle disease, AI
how do you control egg drop syndrome?
biosecurity
cleaning litter
what care the more common adenovirus infections in veterinary species?
canine adenovirus 1&2
EDS ‘76
AHD of deer
how do adenoviruses replicate and how can we make use of adenoviruses in medicine?
-they induce the cell to divide by activating suppressor genes and are released by cytolysis
-some can result in latent infections
-adenoviruses can be modified to target very specific cell types and only those which are dividing=chemotherapeutics
what clinical signs are seen with canine adenovirus infections? what is the basis for the formation of blue eye in CAV 1 infections?
-URT +/- cardiovascualr disease
- blue eye is result of type III hypersensitivity reaction
why is CAV2 used in routine vaccines if CAV-1 is more severe?
CAV-1 vaccinations can cause disease and CAV-2 has some cross-protection
how do infections with egg-drop syndrome ‘76 present? why is this a misnomer?
pale, soft eggs, sometimes progessing to shell-less eggs. no drop production is seen
