parvoviruses Flashcards
what are the important parvoviruses in veterinary medicine?
feline panleukopenia
canine parvovirus (1, 2a/b/c)
porcine parvovirus
equine parvovirus
what is unique about the structure of parvoviruses?
lack DNA polymerase
how does parvoviruses replicate?
replications via “rolling-hairpin” (self-priming) mechanism
what is the pathogenesis of parvovirus in small animals?
fecal oral/aerosol transmission -> local LN replication -> disseminated viremia, target the organs like bone marrow, intestinal crypt cells, LN and spleen
-high titer shedding in feces for about 3 days
what are the clinical signs of parvoviruses based on life stages?
immature- I, hemolytic
in utero- CNS (feline), myocardium (canine)
pregnant- abortion
what are the clinical signs of parvovirus in small animals?
vomiting, anorexia, bloody diarrhea
anemia
leukopenia
what is the diagnosis for parvoviruses?
SNAP ELISA- Ag
hemaagglutination inhibtion (HI)- Ab
what is the treatment and control for parvoviruses?
-palliative, symotomatic
-fluids, blood/plasma transfusion, abx, anti-emetics, gastroprotectants
what tissue foes FPLV target?
targets the developing granular layer of the cerebrum
how is Theiler’s disease/ equine serum hepatitis transmitted?
most often transmitted through equine serum-derived products
what are the clinical signs for Theiler’s disease/equine serum hepatitis?
fulminant liver failure
how to test for Theiler’s disease?
PCR testing and screening
clinical signs of porcine parvoviruses?
SMEDI- stillbirth, mummification, embryonic, deaths, infertility
-no diarrhea
what is the treatment and prevention for porcine parvovirus?
-vaccinate 2-4 wks before breeding
-expose susceptible breeding animals to older animals
what are the important parvoviruses in vet medicine? what differentials would you have for parvovirus infection in different species?
which tissues do parvoviruses target and how do they get there? what is special about these tissues and how does that relate to viral replication?
rapidly dividing tissues- which the virus need to replicate most effectively. these tissues are reached via the bloodstream after local replication in the lymph nodes. after reaching the tissue, they are shed in feces
how do the tarot tissues relate to the clinical signs?
GI targets= GI disease
CNS targets= CNS disease
fetal targets= SMEDI
how do the targets tissues relate to viral trasmission?
diarrhea facilitates transmission of the virus through the fecal-oral route
whaat factors affect environmental persistence and how is decontamination accomplished?
these viruses lack envelope, making them hardier in the environment
typically dilute bleach solution used to decontaminate contact surfaces
how are parvoviral infections practically diagnosed, treated, and prevented?
what are the important circoviruses in vet med?
-post-weaning multi systemic wasting syndrome
-chicken anemiaa virus
-psittacine beak and feather disease
through what mechanism do circoviruses replicate? which cells do they target?
-replicate through (rolling circle)
-PCV2 targets rapidly dividing cells
-coinfection common
what is the treatment and control for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome?
husbandry, biosecurity
vaccines
what does chicken anemia virus target?
thyme T-cells
what does psittacine beak and feather disease target?
lymphocytes, feather follicles and beak/claw growth matrices
what factors affect severity of PMWS?
confection with other agents can cause lymphocytic proliferation, which can make infection with PMWS worse
what are some differential diagnoses for PMWS? how can er rule theses other agents in or out?
TGE, ASF or CSF, PED, etc.
-there are various PCR and FA-based tests for each of the agents
how are swine production diseases like PMWS commonly managed?
strict biosecurity and all-in, all-out practices, and vaccination where available
