opportunistic fungi Flashcards
pythium
giardia duodenalis
In what geographical area is pythium insidiosum commonly found?
tropical/subtropical areas
where is pythium insidiosum commonly found?
plant pathogens
what is a reproductive structure that is found in pythium insidiosum that is capable of invading damaged epithelium
zoospores
where is infection most common when an animal is infected with pythium insidiosum?
limb/abdomen +/- GI lesions
what animal most commonly gets infected with pyhtium insidiosum?
horses > dogs
In order to get infected with pythium insidiosum what is needed to persist in the environment?
plant infections
-and exposure to water/flooding as part of case history
how does pythium insidiosum infect the host?
zoospores adhere to the damaged skin or are ingested
how do the spores of pythium insidiosum invade the tissue?
spores invade tissue via ferm tube formation
what type of tissue damage is done to the host once infected with pyhtium insidiosum?
eosinophil/mast cell degranulation
what are the clinical presentations of horses infected with pythium insidiosum?
granulomatous, ulcerative lesions with crater like borders (kunkers)
*most common on limbs
-coral-like necrotic tissue may be present
If a dog is infected with pyhtium insidiosum what are the clinical presentations?
-occasionally seen in young dogs
*gastrointestinal and cutaneous lesions
how do you diagnose pythium insidiosum?
case history
histology or IHC
PCR
MALDI
what is the treatment for pythium insidiosum?
surgical debridement
immunotherapeutic vax
how do you prevent pythium insidiosum?
limit exposure to wet or swampy areas
is pythium insidiosum zoontoic?
no evidence of zoonosis
where in the environment does sporothrix schenckii reside?
soil rich in organic matter
where is sporothrix schenckii linked to contact with?
plants and infected animals
how is sporothriz schenckiii inoculated into the skin?
-primary contact: mycelia in environment
-horizontal transmission: yeast forms from infected host
where does the sporothrix schenckii (yeast) disseminate to?
disseminates via lymphoreticular system
In that species is sporothrrix schhenckii most commonly seen?
cats
what are the clinical presentations of sporothrix schenckii?
-primary nodular lesions
-secindary ulcerative lesions associated with lymphatic drainage tracts
how would you diagnose sporothrix schenckii?
impression smears
PCR
MALDI
what is the treatment for sporothrix schenckii for dogs and cats?
itraconazole
what is the treatment for sporothrix schenckii in horses?
systemic iodides
how do you prevent sporothrix schenckii?
PPE to prevent zoonosis
why was pneumocystis jiirovecii previously classified as a protozoa?
sporozoite/trophozoite stages
what are some breed predilections that pneumocystis jirovecii have?
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, Arabia horses
-links to immunodeficiencies
what is the infectious form of pneumocystis jirovecii?
asexual trophozoite
what is the generative form in the host of pneumocystis jirrovecii?
sporozoites/cysts
what rare clinical disease is seen with pneumocystis jirovecii?
immunocompetent animals thought to serve as reservoirs
what species is most commonly seen with pneumocystis jirovecii?
most commonly with dogs and occasionally with horses
what are the clinical presentations with a pneumocystis jirovecii infection?
chronic respiratory symptoms
how would you diagnose pneumocystis jirovecii?
BAL or other lung tissue
GMS/PAS
PCR
(cannot be cultured)
what is the treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii?
trimethoprim-sulfa
is pneumocystis jirovecii zoonotic?
no
sporothrix
dogs
pythium
