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microbio II > antifungal agents, targets, and resistance > Flashcards

antifungal agents, targets, and resistance Flashcards

1
Q

treatment with antifungals that are used to treat fungal infections most are __

A

fungistatic

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2
Q

what are the four major classes of antifungals

A

allylamines
azoles
polyenes
(echinocandins)

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3
Q

what class are the chitin synthase inhibitors

A

nikkomycins

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4
Q

what are the three uncategorized antifungals

A

griseofulvin
flucytosine
iodides

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5
Q

what is the mechanism of action for allyamines?

A

-inhibits squalene epoxidase
-block ergosterol synthesis

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6
Q

what are the potential side effects of allyamines?

A

GI +/- skin disease

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7
Q

what are the two members/examples of allyamines

A

naftitine
terbinafine

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8
Q

what is the route of application of naftitine

A

topical

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9
Q

what is the route of application of terbinafine

A

topical or systemic

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10
Q

are allylamines broad or narrow spectrum antifungals

A

broad spectrum

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11
Q

what allows terbinafine to concentrate in dermis/epidermis, adipose tissue, hair and nails

A

lipophilic properties

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12
Q

what are the two groups of azoles that have fungistatic compounds

A

imidazoles
triazoles

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13
Q

are imidazole and triazoles broad or narrow spectrum

A

broad spectrum

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action for azoles?

A

-inhibit sterol 14-a demethylase
-block ergosterol synthesis

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15
Q

what is contraindication for azoles

A

in pregnant animals because antifungal has teratogenic potential

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16
Q

ketoconazole and miconazole are apart of what azole group

A

imidazoles

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17
Q

fluconazole and itraconazole are apart of what azole group

A

triazoles

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18
Q

what are the potential side effects of azoles?

A

steroid alterations

19
Q

what is the mechanism of action of polyenes?

A

binds ergosterol

20
Q

what is the route of infection for polyenes

A

systemic

21
Q

are polyenes broad or narrow spectrum

A

broad

22
Q

what are the potential side effects of polyenes?

A

nephrotoxicity

23
Q

are nikkimycins broad or narrow spectrum?

A

narrow

24
Q

what is the mechanism of action for griseofulvin?

A

block microtubules formation

25
Q

what is the route of application for griseofulvin?

A

systemic

26
Q

are griseofulvin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad

27
Q

what are the potential side effects of griseofulvin?

A

teratogenic

28
Q

what is the mechanism of action fluorinated pyrimidines?

A

RNA miscoding

29
Q

what is the route of application for fluorinated pyrimidines?

A

systemic

30
Q

is fluorinated pyrimidines broad or narrow spectrum

A

narrow

31
Q

what are the potential side effects of fluorinated pyrimidines?

A

liver/hematology

32
Q

what is the mechanism of action for iodides

A

block fungal metabolism

33
Q

what is the route of application for iodides

A

systemic

34
Q

are iodides broad or narrow spectrum

A

narrow

35
Q

what are the potential side effects of iodides?

A

iodism

36
Q

how should sodium iodide be administered?

A

IV

37
Q

how should potassium iodide be administered?

A

oral (NEVER IV)

38
Q

what are nikkomycins effect against?

A

cryptococcus and other dimorphic fungi

39
Q

what is an example of a polyenes?

A

amphotericin B

40
Q

What antifungal binds to sterols like ergosterol, though may also bind sterols
present in the cell membranes of the renal tubules, leading to nephrotoxicity?

A

amphoteracin B

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of allylamine antifungals like Terbinafine?

A

Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis via binding squalene epoxidase

42
Q

Flucytosine is able to affect protein synthesis through its action as a:

A

Pyrimidine analog drug

43
Q

what are the factors that influence a successful antifungals therapy outcome

A
44
Q

what factors might result in a failure of antifungal therapy?

A

microbio II (6 decks)

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