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AUBF > Synovial fluid > Flashcards

Synovial fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Viscosity of synovial fluid is due to

A

Hyaluronic acid

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2
Q

Hyaluronic acid is produced by

A

Type B synoviocytes

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3
Q

Functions of synovial fluid

A

Lubricates joints, reduces friction, provides nutrients, lessens joint compression shock

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4
Q

Method of synovial fluid collection

A

Arthrocentesis

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5
Q

Normal synovial fluid volume

A

<3.5 mL

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6
Q

Inflammation synovial fluid volume

A

> 25 mL

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7
Q

Tube for chemical and immunologic evaluation

A

Plain red top tube

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8
Q

Anticoagulant for synovial fluid for hematology

A

Sodium heparin/Liquid EDTA

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9
Q

Powder anticoagulants issue

A

Interference with crystal ID

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10
Q

Effect of refrigeration on synovial fluid

A

Causes additional crystals

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11
Q

Tube for microbiological studies

A

Sterile anticoagulant tube (heparin or SPS)

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12
Q

Deeper yellow synovial fluid

A

Inflammation

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13
Q

Greenish synovial fluid

A

Bacterial infection

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14
Q

Red synovial fluid

A

Traumatic tap or hemorrhagic arthritis

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15
Q

Turbid synovial fluid

A

WBCs, synovial cell debris, or fibrin

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16
Q

Milky synovial fluid

A

Presence of crystals

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17
Q

Normal viscosity of synovial fluid

A

4-6 cm long

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18
Q

Normal hyaluronic acid level

A

0.03-0.4 g/dL

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19
Q

Ropes test reagent

A

2-5% acetic acid

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20
Q

Ropes test: Solid clot

A

Good

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21
Q

Ropes test: Soft clot

A

Fair

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22
Q

Ropes test: Friable clot

A

Low

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23
Q

Ropes test: No clot

A

Poor

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24
Q

Diluting fluids for synovial fluid

A

NSS with methylene blue, Hypotonic saline, Saline with saponin

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25
Q

Effect of acetic acid on WBC diluting fluid

A

Causes clot formation

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26
Q

Action for very viscous synovial fluid

A

Add hyaluronidase

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27
Q

Predominant WBC in normal synovial fluid

A

65% monocytes and macrophages

28
Q

Normal neutrophil percentage in synovial fluid

A

<25%

29
Q

Normal lymphocyte percentage in synovial fluid

A

<15%

30
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for bacterial sepsis, crystal-induced inflammation

A

Neutrophil (PMN)

31
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for nonseptic inflammation

A

Lymphocyte

32
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for normal, viral inclusion

A

Macrophage (monocyte)

33
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for lupus erythematosus

A

LE cell

34
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for reactive arthritis

A

Reiter cell (neutrophage)

35
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for tuberculosis, septic, and rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rice bodies

36
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for rheumatoid arthritis and immunologic inflammation

A

RA cell (ragocyte)

37
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for onchronotic arthropathy, alkaptonuria, onchronosis

A

Onchronotic shards (ground pepper appearance)

38
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for osteoarthritis

A

Cartilage cells

39
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for normal, disruption of arthrocentesis

A

Synovial lining

40
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for traumatic injury, chronic inflammation

A

Fat droplets

41
Q

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for pigmented villonodular synovitis

A

Hemosiderin

42
Q

Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules containing precipitated rheumatoid factor

A

RA cell (ragocyte)

43
Q

Crystal in synovial fluid with (+) birefringence seen in pseudogout

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

44
Q

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in gout (needle-shaped)

A

Monosodium urate

45
Q

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in extracellular with notched, rhombic plates

A

Cholesterol

46
Q

Crystal in synovial fluid seen due to injections (flat, variable-shaped plates) (+/- birefringence)

A

Corticosteroid

47
Q

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in renal dialysis (enveloped shape)

A

Calcium oxalate

48
Q

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in osteoarthritis (small particles requiring EM) (no birefringence)

A

Apatite (calcium phosphate)

49
Q

Detects presence or absence of birefringence

A

Polarizing microscope

50
Q

Red compensator in polarizing microscope is placed where

A

Between crystal and analyzer

51
Q

Control slide for MSU polarization is prepared using

A

Betamethasone acetate corticosteroid

52
Q

MSU crystals run ___ to long axis and produce ___ birefringence and ___ color

A

Parallel; negative; yellow

53
Q

Molecules of CPPD run ___ and produce ___ color and ___ birefringence

A

Perpendicular; blue; positive

54
Q

Normal glucose level of synovial fluid

A

<10 mg/dL

55
Q

Formula for glucose test in synovial fluid

A

Blood glucose - SF glucose

56
Q

Normal value of lactate in synovial fluid

A

<25 mg/dL

57
Q

Normal value of protein in synovial fluid

A

<3 g/dL

58
Q

Normal value of uric acid in synovial fluid

A

Same as blood

59
Q

Normal enzymes in synovial fluid

A

ACP, ALP, GGT, MURA, ADA, CD, LDH, AST (FOR RA)

60
Q

Common organisms infecting synovial fluid

A

S. aureus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, N. gonorrhea

61
Q

Laboratory findings for non-inflammatory synovial fluid

A

Clear, yellow; good viscosity; WBC: <1000/uL

62
Q

Laboratory findings for inflammatory synovial fluid (immunologic)

A

Cloudy, yellow fluid; poor viscosity; WBC: 2,000-75,000/uL; >50% neutrophils; decreased glucose; (+) autoantibodies

63
Q

Laboratory findings for inflammatory synovial fluid (crystal-induced)

A

Cloudy or milky; low viscosity; WBC: 100,000/uL; (+) crystals; decreased glucose

64
Q

Laboratory findings for septic synovial fluid

A

Cloudy, yellow-green fluid; variable viscosity; WBC: 50,000-100,000/uL; >75% neutrophils; (+) culture and Gram stain

65
Q

Laboratory findings for hemorrhagic synovial fluid

A

Cloudy, red fluid; low viscosity; (+) RBCs

AUBF (26 decks)

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