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AUBF > FECALYSIS > Flashcards

FECALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

Normal amount of excreted stool

A

100-200g

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2
Q

Normal stool color is caused by

A

Urobilin/Stercobilin

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3
Q

Upper GI bleeding, iron, charcoal bismuth stool color

A

Black

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4
Q

Lower GI bleeding, beets, food coloring, rifampin stool color

A

Red

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5
Q

Bile duct obstruction, barium sulfates stool color

A

Pale yellow, white, gray (acholic)

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6
Q

Biliverdin, oral antibiotics, green vegetable stool color

A

Green

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7
Q

Prussian blue, grape, soda stool color

A

Blue

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8
Q

Porphyria stool color

A

Violet/Purple

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9
Q

Bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders, steatorrhea stool appearance

A

Bulky/Frothy

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10
Q

Cystic fibrosis stool appearance

A

Butter-like

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11
Q

Colitis, dysentery, malignancy, constipation stool appearance

A

Mucus-streaked, blood-streaked

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12
Q

Slender, ribbon/noodle-like stool is seen in

A

Intestinal obstruction or constriction

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13
Q

Rice watery stool is seen in

A

Cholera

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14
Q

Typhoid stool color

A

Pea soup

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15
Q

Constipation stool appearance

A

Hard/Scybalous (goat droppings)

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16
Q

Bristol stool chart: watery, no solid pieces

A

Type 7

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17
Q

Bristol stool chart: fluffy pieces with ragged edges, mushy stool

A

Type 6

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18
Q

Bristol stool chart: soft blobs with clear-cut edges

A

Type 5

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19
Q

Bristol stool chart: most common stool type

A

Type 4

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20
Q

Neutral fat stain value for steatorrhea

A

≥60 droplets/HPF

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21
Q

Reagents for neutral fat stain

A

95% ethanol + Sudan III

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22
Q

Reagents for split fat stain

A

36% acetic acid + Sudan III

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23
Q

Gold standard for steatorrhea

A

Van de Kamer titration

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24
Q

Van de Kamer sample collection duration

A

3 days (72 hours)

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25
Q

Normal value for fat excretion in stool

A

1-6 g fats/day

26
Q

Abnormal fat excretion in stool (Van de Kamer test)

A

> 6 g fats/day

27
Q

Rapid test for fat excretion similar to microhematocrit

A

Acid steatocrit

28
Q

Test using microwaved stool for analysis

A

Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

29
Q

Abnormal muscle fiber secretion in stool is called

A

Creatorrhea

30
Q

Reagent for muscle fiber detection in stool

A

10% Eosin

31
Q

Appearance of undigested muscle fibers

A

Striations in both directions

32
Q

Undigested muscle fibers are seen in

A

Biliary obstruction, cystic fibrosis

33
Q

Abnormal value for undigested muscle fibers

A

> 10

34
Q

Neutrophils in feces indicating invasive condition

A

≥3/HPF

35
Q

Diarrhea with WBCs in stool indicates

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, enteroinvasive E. coli, Campylobacter

36
Q

Diarrhea without WBCs in stool indicates

A

Toxin-producing organisms, parasites, viruses

37
Q

Screening test for colorectal cancer

A

Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT)

38
Q

Principle of gFOBT

A

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

39
Q

Chromogen used in gFOBT

A

Guaiac

40
Q

False positive gFOBT interference

A

3 days (food-related), 7 days (aspirin, NSAIDs)

41
Q

False negative gFOBT interference

A

3 days (Vitamin C, iron with Vitamin C)

42
Q

Immunochemical FOBT detects

A

Globin using anti-HGB antibodies

43
Q

Porphyrin-based FOBT detects

A

Fluorescent porphyrins from heme

44
Q

APT Downey test pink solution indicates

A

Fetal blood (alkaline-resistant)

45
Q

APT Downey test yellow-brown solution indicates

A

Maternal blood (denatured by alkali)

46
Q

X-ray film test detects pancreatic enzyme

A

Trypsin

47
Q

Absence of trypsin is seen in

A

Cystic fibrosis

48
Q

Fecal carbohydrate test assesses

A

Lactose intolerance

49
Q

Clinitest result >0.5 g/dL indicates

A

Carbohydrate intolerance

50
Q

Sensitive indicator of pancreatic insufficiency

A

Elastase-1

51
Q

Test to differentiate malabsorption and maldigestion

A

D-xylose test

52
Q

Low urine D-xylose indicates

A

Malabsorption

53
Q

Normal urine D-xylose indicates

A

Maldigestion

54
Q

Acute diarrhea duration

A

<4 weeks

55
Q

Major mechanisms of diarrhea

A

Secretory, osmotic, altered motility

56
Q

Normal fecal osmolarity

A

290 mOsm/kg

57
Q

Normal fecal Na level

A

30 mmol/L

58
Q

Normal fecal K level

A

75 mmol/L

59
Q

Secretory diarrhea fecal osmotic gap

A

<50 mOsm/kg

60
Q

Osmotic diarrhea mechanism

A

Retention of water and electrolytes in large intestine

61
Q

Causes of osmotic diarrhea

A

Maldigestion, malabsorption, lactose intolerance, laxatives, antacids

62
Q

Diarrhea caused by altered motility

A

IBS, rapid gastric emptying, dumping syndrome

AUBF (26 decks)

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