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AUBF > Spermanalysis > Flashcards

Spermanalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of sperm maturation

A

Spermatogonium, 1st spermatocyte, 2nd spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon

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2
Q

Composition of semen 5%

A

Spermatozoa

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3
Q

Composition of semen 60-70%

A

Seminal fluid

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4
Q

Composition of semen 20-30%

A

Prostate fluid

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5
Q

Composition of semen 5%

A

Bulbourethral gland fluid

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6
Q

Site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules (testes)

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7
Q

Nurse cells for developing sperm

A

Sertoli cells

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8
Q

Site of sperm maturation

A

Epididymis

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9
Q

Propels sperm to ejaculatory ducts

A

Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

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10
Q

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation time

A

90 days (74 days in Graff cycle)

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11
Q

Acidic fluid containing ACP, zinc, citric acid, and enzymes

A

Prostate fluid

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12
Q

Bulbourethral gland secretes alkaline mucus for

A

Neutralizing acidity from prostatic secretions and vagina

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13
Q

Specimen collection for sperm abstinence

A

2-7 days

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14
Q

Prolonged abstinence effect

A

Increased volume, decreased motility

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15
Q

WHO recommendation for specimen collection

A

Two to three specimens, not less than 7 days or more

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16
Q

First portion of sperm missing effect

A

Decreased sperm count, increased pH, specimen will not liquefy

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17
Q

Last portion of sperm missing effect

A

Increased sperm count, decreased pH and volume, specimen will not clot

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18
Q

Best method for sperm analysis

A

Masturbation

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19
Q

Condom requirements for specimen collection

A

Non-lubricant-containing rubber or polyurethane condom

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20
Q

Specimen for sperm analysis should be delivered within

A

1 hour of collection at room temperature

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21
Q

Liquefaction for sperm analysis should be done

A

30-60 minutes

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22
Q

Failure to liquefy sperm within 60 minutes causes

A

Deficiency in prostatic enzymes

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23
Q

Failure to liquefy sperm remedy

A

Treat with amylase, bromelain, α-chymotrypsin, or DPBS to break up mucus

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24
Q

Specimen awaiting analysis should be kept at

A

37°C (water bath)

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25
Q

Normal appearance of sperm

A

Gray-white, translucent (due to flavin)

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26
Q

Odor of sperm

A

Musty or bleach odor

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27
Q

Increased white turbidity in sperm indicates

A

Infection

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28
Q

Red or brown coloration in sperm indicates

A

Increased blood or RBCs

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29
Q

Yellow coloration of sperm indicates

A

Urine contamination, medication, abstinence

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30
Q

Normal volume of sperm

A

2-5 mL

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31
Q

Decreased volume of sperm indicates

A

Infertility, incomplete collection

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32
Q

Normal viscosity of sperm

A

Pours in droplets

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33
Q

Abnormal viscosity of sperm

A

Threads >2 cm long

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34
Q

Higher viscosity effect on motility

A

Decreased motility

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35
Q

Reporting of sperm

A

0 - watery, 4 - gel-like

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36
Q

pH of normal sperm

A

7.2 to 8.0

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37
Q

Increased pH in sperm indicates

A

Infection

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38
Q

Decreased pH in sperm indicates

A

Increased prostatic fluid

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39
Q

Normal value of sperm concentration

A

> 20 million/mL

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40
Q

Dilution of sperm in improved Neubauer counting chamber

A

0.05555555555555558

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41
Q

Diluents for sperm purpose

A

Immobilize sperm

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42
Q

Examples of diluents for sperm

A

Formalin, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), saline, distilled water, cold tap water

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43
Q

Shortcut method for sperm count computation (2 WBCs square)

A

sperm counted x 100,000

44
Q

Shortcut method for sperm count computation (5 RBCs square)

A

sperm counted x 1,000,000

45
Q

Sperm count normal value

A

> /= 40 million/ejaculate

46
Q

Sperm motility normal value

A

50% motility within 1 hour

47
Q

Quality of sperm motility should be

A

> /= 2.0

48
Q

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: rapid straight motility)

A

4 (a)

49
Q

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: slower speed, some lateral movement)

A

3.0 (b)

50
Q

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement)

A

2.0 (b)

51
Q

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: no forward progression)

A

1.0 (c)

52
Q

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: no movement)

A

0 (d)

53
Q

Alternative sperm motility grading criteria: sperm moving linearly in a large circle

A

Progressive motility

54
Q

Alternative sperm motility grading criteria: sperm moving with absence of progression

A

Nonprogressive motility

55
Q

Alternative sperm motility grading criteria: no movement

A

Immotility

56
Q

Determines sperm concentration, morphology, velocity, and trajectory

A

Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA)

57
Q

Sperm morphology routine criteria normal forms

A

> 30%

58
Q

Sperm morphology Kruger’s strict criteria

A

> 14%

59
Q

Preferred stain for sperm morphology

A

Papanicolaou’s stain

60
Q

Other stains for sperm morphology

A

Wright’s stain, Giemsa stain, Shorr stain

61
Q

Contains mitochondria in sperm

A

Midpiece

62
Q

Acrosomal cap measurement to head

A

1/2 of the head

63
Q

Acrosomal cap measurement to nucleus

A

2/3 of the nucleus

64
Q

Acrosomal cap measurement

A

3 µm

65
Q

Sperm head size

A

5 µm

66
Q

Neck of sperm size

A

7 µm

67
Q

Tail measurement including neck

A

45 µm

68
Q

Seminal fluid fructose is measured within

A

2 hours or frozen to prevent glycolysis

69
Q

Screening test for seminal fructose

A

Resorcinol (Seliwanoff’s test)

70
Q

Color for Seliwanoff’s test

A

Orange-red color

71
Q

Cause of sperm agglutination, detected in semen, cervical mucosa, or serum

A

Antisperm antibodies

72
Q

Detects the presence of IgG antibodies

A

Mixed agglutination reaction

73
Q

Immunobead test detects the presence of

A

IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies

74
Q

Presence of beads on sperm (normal)

A

<50%

75
Q

Round cells in sperm

A

WBCs or spermatids (immature sperm cells)

76
Q

WBCs and immature sperm cells are differentiated using

A

Peroxidase

77
Q

Round cell count formula

A

NxS / 100

78
Q

Detection of semen more specific method

A

Glycoprotein p30 (PSA)

79
Q

Test for choline medicolegal

A

Florence test

80
Q

Reagents for Florence test

A

Iodine crystals + Potassium iodide

81
Q

Positive reaction in Florence test

A

Dark brown rhombic crystals

82
Q

Barbiero’s test is used to detect

A

Spermine

83
Q

Reagents for Barbiero’s test

A

Saturated picric acid + TCA

84
Q

Positive reaction in Barbiero’s test

A

Yellow leaf-like crystals

85
Q

Sperm count following vasectomy should ideally be

A

Zero within 12 weeks after procedure

86
Q

Post vasectomy semen analysis is done after

A

2 months or 8 weeks

87
Q

Post vasectomy is collected

A

2 months until 2 consecutive monthly specimens show no sperm

88
Q

Eosin nigrosin stain is used for

A

Decreased motility with normal count

89
Q

Decreased sperm count test

A

Fructose level

90
Q

Decreased motility with clumping cause

A

Male antisperm antibodies

91
Q

MAR and immunobead test and sperm agglutination with sperm serum is used for

A

Male antisperm antibodies

92
Q

Normal analysis with continued infertility test

A

Sperm agglutination with female serum

93
Q

Observing sperm penetration ability of partner’s midyear cervical mucus

A

Cervical mucus penetration

94
Q

Sperms exposed to low-sodium concentration are evaluated for

A

Hypo-osmotic swelling

95
Q

Evaluation of the acrosome to produce enzyme essential for ovum penetration

A

In vitro acrosome reaction

96
Q

No semen or ejaculate

A

Aspermia

97
Q

Absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate

A

Azoospermia

98
Q

Presence of blood in the ejaculate

A

Hematospermia

99
Q

Increased number of leukocytes in ejaculate

A

Leukospermia

100
Q

Increased number of immotile or dead spermatozoa in the ejaculate

A

Necrozoospermia

101
Q

Decreased sperm concentration

A

Oligozoospermia

102
Q

Hormones that stimulate spermatogenesis

A

FSH and LH

103
Q

Leydig cells secrete

A

Testosterone

104
Q

Sertoli cells secrete

A

Inhibin

105
Q

Specimen for sperm analysis according to WHO

A

2 or 3 samples from <7 days or >3 weeks apart with 2 abnormal samples are considered significant

106
Q

As the sperm die off, what remains and may be present after 7 days of intercourse

A

Head

AUBF (26 decks)

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