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AUBF > SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY > Flashcards

SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY Flashcards

1
Q

What are potentially harmful microorganisms called?

A

Biological hazards

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2
Q

What are the 6 components of the Chain of Infection?

(IREMES)

A

Infectious agent, Reservoir, Exit portal, Mode of transmission, Entry portal, Susceptible host

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3
Q

What is required for the Chain of Infection?

(SMS)

A

Continuous link between:

Susceptible host, Method of transmission, Susceptible host

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4
Q

What are the 3 routes of infection?

A

Inhalation, ingestion, direct inoculation or skin contact

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5
Q

What is the best way to break the chain of infection?

A

Hand washing

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6
Q

What is the primary method of infection transmission?

A

Hand contact

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7
Q

What prevention is used when hands are soiled?

A

Wash hands with soap and water

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8
Q

What method is used when hands are NOT visibly soiled?

A

Apply alcohol based hand-rub (sanitizer)

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9
Q

What is the handwashing procedure?

A

1) Wet hands w/ warm water
2) Apply antimicrobial soap
3) Rub to form lather, create friction to loosen debris
4) Thoroughly clean hands for 15-20 secs
5) Rinse hands in DOWNWARD position
6) Dry with a paper towel
7) Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent recontamination

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10
Q

What is the most important step in handwashing?

A

Friction

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11
Q

How long should hands be washed?

A

At least 15-20 seconds

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12
Q

What is the washing hands position?

A

DOWNWARD

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13
Q

What is the last step in handwashing?

A

Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel

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14
Q

Where must all biological waste be placed?

A

In appropriate labeled containers with biohazard symbol EXCEPT Urine

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15
Q

What is the color of the accepted BIOHAZARD label?

A

Fluorescent orange

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16
Q

Where should urine be discarded?

A

Sink

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17
Q

What is used for disinfection of the sink?

A

1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOH)

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18
Q

How often should disinfection of the sinks be performed?

A

Every day (daily)

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19
Q

What does disinfection eliminate?

A

Almost all microorganisms except bacterial spores

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20
Q

How is a 1:10 dilution of NaOH prepared?

A

1 part NaOH to 9 parts water

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21
Q

How long is a 1:10 dilution of disinfectant effective?

A

1 month

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22
Q

What is the basic outline of the biohazard symbol?

A

Trefoil (three circles overlapping each other)

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23
Q

What is the sharp hazard symbol?

A

Syringe with a NO circle sign

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24
Q

What is the color of the puncture resistant container?

A

Red

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25
Q

What is the best method of waste disposal for radioactive hazards?

A

Store the used radioactive material in a locked room, marked room until the background count is down to 10 half-lives for radioiodine

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26
Q

What is the chemical spill symbol?

A

Skull with cross bones

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27
Q

What is the best first aid for chemical spills?

A

Flush the area with amounts of water for at least 15 mins

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28
Q

What is the first aid for alkali/acid burns in the eye?

A

Wash the eye thoroughly with running water for 15 mins

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29
Q

How should acid spills on floors be cleaned up?

A

Neutralized then soaked up with wet rags or spill pillows

30
Q

What should be done to avoid sudden splashing when handling chemicals?

A

ACID TO WATER (explosion can occur when water is added to acid)

31
Q

What does NFPA stand for?

A

National Fire Protection Association

32
Q

What is the chemical hazard symbol color from top (clockwise diamond)?

A

RYWB (Fire, Reactivity, Specific, Health)

33
Q

What are the degrees of Hazard Index?

(No SMS Ex)

A

0 - No/Minimal, 1 - Slight hazard, 2 - Moderate Hazard, 3 - Serious Hazard, 4 - Extreme/ Severe Hazard

34
Q

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Stable indicate?

35
Q

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Unstable if heated indicate?

36
Q

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Violent chemical change indicate?

37
Q

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Shock and heat may deteriorate indicate?

38
Q

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: May deteriorate indicate?

39
Q

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Normal material indicate?

40
Q

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Slightly hazardous indicate?

41
Q

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Hazardous indicate?

42
Q

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Extreme danger indicate?

43
Q

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Deadly indicate?

44
Q

What does NFPA White Quadrant: OXY indicate?

45
Q

What does NFPA White Quadrant: W indicate?

46
Q

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Will not burn indicate?

47
Q

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Above 200 F (93.333 C) indicate?

48
Q

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Below 200 F (93.3333 C) indicate?

49
Q

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Below 100 F (37.77 C) indicate?

50
Q

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Below 73 F (22.78 C) indicate?

51
Q

How is electrical equipment grounded to avoid electric shock?

A

3 pronged plug

52
Q

What precautions should be taken when electric shock occurs?

A

Never touch the person or the equipment involved, Turn off circuit breaker, Unplug equipment, Move the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object

53
Q

Where should flammable chemicals be stored?

A

In safety cabinets and explosion proof refrigerators

54
Q

How often must all laboratory personnel be involved in laboratory fire drills?

55
Q

What should be done when a fire is discovered (RACE)?

A

Rescue, Activate fire system, Close all doors, Extinguish/Evacuate

56
Q

What is the procedure to operate a fire extinguisher (PASS)?

A

Pull, Aim - at the base, Squeeze, Sweep - side to side

57
Q

What type of hazard involves ordinary combustibles like paper and wood?

A

Type A

Extinguisher: Water, Dry chemical, Loaded steam

58
Q

What type of hazard involves flammable liquids like gasoline?

A

Type B

Extinguisher: Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide, halon foam

59
Q

What type of hazard involves electrical equipment?

A

Type C

Extinguisher: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, HALON

60
Q

What type of hazard involves flammable metals?

A

Type D

Extinguisher: Metal X, Sand, Dry powder, fought by fire fighters only

61
Q

What type of hazard involves detonation?

A

Type E

Allowed to burn out and nearby materials are protected

62
Q

What type of hazard involves cooking media?

A

Type K

Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire

63
Q

What types of fires can dry chemical extinguish?

A

Type A, B, C

64
Q

What types of fires can carbon dioxide extinguish?

A

Type B and C

65
Q

What is the best type of extinguisher for electric equipment?

66
Q

What are the most common all-purpose extinguishers?

A

Dry chemical

67
Q

What classes of fires should be handled by trained personnel?

A

Class D and E

68
Q

What is an ergonomic hazard?

A

Work related hazard that involves strain due to repeated position

69
Q

What hazard is caused by extremely low temperatures?

70
Q

What type of hazard involves centrifuge, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glassware?

A

Mechanical

71
Q

What can centrifuge accidents produce?

AUBF (26 decks)

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