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AUBF > Amniotic fluid > Flashcards

Amniotic fluid Flashcards

1
Q

hCG production

A

Syncytiotrophoblast cells of placenta

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2
Q

hCG peak

A

1st trimester (blood, urine, amniotic fluid)

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3
Q

hCG subunit shared

A

Alpha (hCG, LH, FSH, TSH)

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4
Q

hCG specificity

A

Beta subunit

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5
Q

Pregnancy test principle

A

Enzyme immunoassay

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6
Q

Pregnancy test specimen

A

1st morning urine

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7
Q

Pregnancy kit cutoff

A

25 mIU/mL

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8
Q

Anti-hCG source

A

Rabbit

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9
Q

False-positive pregnancy test causes

A

Molar pregnancy, LH surge, hematuria, proteinuria, malignancies, postpartum, herbal meds, perimenopause, ovarian failure

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10
Q

False-negative pregnancy test causes

A

Early/late testing, dilute/adulterated urine, ectopic pregnancy, missed abortion

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11
Q

Hogben test

A

Female frog; positive: oogenesis

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12
Q

Galli-Mahini test

A

Male frog; positive: spermatogenesis

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13
Q

Friedmann test

A

Virgin rabbit; positive: corpora lutea/hemorrhagica

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14
Q

Ascheim-Zondek test

A

Immature mice; positive: ovarian hyperemia

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15
Q

Hyperemia in Preg test is also seen in

A

Kupperman/Kelso (virgin rat)

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16
Q

ELISA sensitivity

A

Positive at 10 days conception

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17
Q

Pregnancy urine SG

A

≥1.015

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18
Q

Amniotic fluid source

A

Placenta

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19
Q

Amniotic fluid functions

A

Cushion fetus, stabilize temp, movement, lung development

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20
Q

Amniotic fluid normal volume

A

800–1200 mL (3rd trimester)

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21
Q

1st trimester fluid source

A

Maternal circulation (35 mL)

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22
Q

Polyhydramnios causes

A

Decreased swallowing, NTDs, anomalies, infections

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23
Q

Oligohydramnios causes

A

Increased swallowing, membrane leakage, urinary deformities, malformations, premature membrane rupture, cord compression

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24
Q

Amniocentesis collection

A

30 mL in sterile syringe

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25
Q

Genetic defect assessment

A

2nd trimester amniocentesis (trisomy 21/Down syndrome)

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26
Q

Fetal lung maturity/HDN assessment

A

3rd trimester

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27
Q

Quadruple screen tests

A

Alpha-fetoprotein, HCG, unconjugated estriol (E3), inhibin A

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28
Q

FLM specimen handling

A

Ice delivery, refrigerated/frozen, filtration to prevent phospholipid loss

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29
Q

Cytogenetic study handling

A

Room temp or 37°C

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30
Q

HDN test specimen handling

A

Protect from light

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31
Q

Reliable fluid ID

A

Urea <30 mg/dL, creatinine <3.5 mg/dL

32
Q

Fern test

A

Detect PROM/early pregnancy (fern crystals in dried vaginal fluid)

33
Q

Yellow amniotic fluid

A

HDN

34
Q

Dark green amniotic fluid

A

Meconium (first bowel movement)

35
Q

Dark red-brown amniotic fluid

A

Fetal death

36
Q

RDS test

A

Fetal lung maturity

37
Q

RDS cause

A

Surfactant insufficiency (phospholipid production)

38
Q

Surfactant function

A

Decrease surface tension, allow easier alveoli inflation

39
Q

RDS reference method

A

L/S ratio

40
Q

Alveolar stability

A

Lecithin

41
Q

L/S ratio control

A

Sphingomyelin

42
Q

L/S measurement

A

TLC

43
Q

Mature lungs L/S ratio

A

≥2.0

44
Q

False positive L/S ratio

A

Blood or meconium presence

45
Q

Phosphatidyl glycerol test

A

Amniostat-FLM

46
Q

Amniostat advantage

A

Not affected by blood/meconium

47
Q

Phosphatidyl glycerol in diabetics

A

Delayed production

48
Q

Foam stability test

A

Positive: foam/bubbles (mature lungs)

49
Q

Microviscosity measurement

A

Fluorescence polarization

50
Q

Type II pneumocytes produce surfactants stored as

A

Lamellar bodies

51
Q

Lamellar body count can be measured using

A

Optical scatter (diameter similar to platelet)

52
Q

Adequate FLM in LBC

A

> 32,000/ uL

53
Q

Lamellar bodies O.D absorbance at

A

650 nm

54
Q

O.D equivalent to L/S ratio >/= 2.0 in presence of PG

A

> 0.150

55
Q

Prior to 36 weeks gestation, fetal amniotic fluid creatinine

A

1.5 to 2.0 mg/dL

56
Q

At 36 weeks gestation, amniotic fluid creatinine

A

> 2.0 mg/dL

57
Q

Test for HDN optical density

A

450 nm

58
Q

Normal absorbance of amniotic fluid

A

Increased at 365 nm, decreased at 550 nm

59
Q

Increased O.D at 450 nm indicates

A

HDN

60
Q

Liley graph Zone I result

A

Non-affected or mildly affected fetus

61
Q

Liley graph Zone II result

A

Moderately affected fetus (requires monitoring)

62
Q

Liley graph Zone III result

A

Severely affected fetus (requires intervention)

63
Q

Queenan curve shows absorbance values from

A

14-40 weeks of gestation

64
Q

Lowest zone in Queenan curve

A

Rh negative (unaffected) fetus

65
Q

Indeterminate and Rh positive zones in Queenan curve

A

Increasing hemolytic severity

66
Q

Intrauterine death risk zone

A

High risk of mortality

67
Q

Interferences for absorbance in amniotic fluid

A

Cells, meconium, debris, hemoglobin (peaks at 410nm)

68
Q

To remove hemoglobin interference in absorbance

A

Add chloroform

69
Q

Spina bifida characteristic

A

Incomplete closing of backbone and spinal cord membranes

70
Q

Anencephaly characteristic

A

Absence of major brain, skull, and scalp portions

71
Q

Screening test for NTDs

A

Alpha fetoprotein

72
Q

AFP in NTDs

A

Increased

73
Q

AFP in Down syndrome (T21)

A

Decreased

74
Q

Confirmatory test for NTDs

A

Acetylcholinesterase

75
Q

Tests for chromosomal abnormalities

A

Karyotyping, FISH, SKY

76
Q

Major protein produced by fetal liver before 18 weeks

A

AFP

AUBF (26 decks)

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