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AUBF > Introduction to Urinalysis (Specimen) > Flashcards

Introduction to Urinalysis (Specimen) Flashcards

1
Q

Who published Fasciculus Medicinae in 1491, depicting a circle surrounded by thin-necked urine flasks?

A

Johannes de Ketham

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2
Q

What are the four temperaments?

A

Sanguineous (blood), Choleric (yellow bile), Phlegmatic (phlegm), Melancholic (black bile)

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3
Q

Who documented the importance of sputum in uroscopy?

A

Hippocrates

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4
Q

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine?

A

Frederik Dekkers

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5
Q

Who wrote a book about pisse prophets (charlatans)?

A

Thomas Bryant

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6
Q

Who examined urine sediment?

A

Thomas Addis

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7
Q

Who introduced urinalysis as part of routine patient exams?

A

Richard Bright

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8
Q

Who identified urochrome?

A

Ludwig Thudichum

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9
Q

Who discovered cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Domenico Cotugno

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10
Q

Who identified phenylketonuria?

A

Ivan Folling

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11
Q

Who discovered alkaptonuria?

A

Archibald Garrod

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12
Q

Who described orthostatic cyclic proteinuria?

A

Frederick William Pavy

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13
Q

Who identified cystine calculi?

A

William Wollaston

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14
Q

Who created Benedict’s reagent?

A

Stanley Benedict

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15
Q

What is the water percentage in urine composition?

A

95-97%

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16
Q

What is the major organic component of urine solids?

A

Urea

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17
Q

What is the principal salt in urine composition?

A

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

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18
Q

What specimen is ideal for routine urinalysis and pregnancy testing?

For evaluation of orthostatic proteinuria

A

First morning

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19
Q

What is the ideal specimen for cytology studies with prior hydration and exercise?

also for routine testing and qualitative urinalysis

A

Random/Occasional

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20
Q

What urine sample is collected after fasting, used for glucose determination?

A

Second morning/Fasting urine

21
Q

What urine sample is preferred for diabetic screening or monitoring?

A

2-hour postprandial urine

22
Q

What test uses blood and urine samples collected at specific intervals for diabetes diagnosis?

A

Fractional specimen

23
Q

What is required for routine screening and bacterial culture?

A

Midstream clean catch

Patient’s should thoroughly cleanse genitals before collection

24
Q

What method is used to collect urine via the urethra or ureter?

For bacterial culture

A

Catheterized

25
Q

What is the most sterile method for collecting urine directly from the bladder?

A

Suprapubic aspiration

26
Q

What tool is used for pediatric urine specimen collection?

A

Soft, plastic bag with adhesive

27
Q

What are the three portions of urine collected in the 3-glass technique?

A

1) First portion, 2) Middle portion (control), 3) After prostatic massage

28
Q

What indicates prostatitis in the 3-glass technique?

A

WBC and bacteria in the 3rd specimen is 10x greater than the 1st

29
Q

What is the 2nd specimen in the 3-glass technique used for?

A

Control for bladder and kidney infection

30
Q

What does a positive 2nd glass in the 3-glass technique indicate?

A

UTI and 3rd specimen is invalid

31
Q

What is the name of the four-glass method for prostatitis?

A

Stamey-Meares Test

32
Q

What are the components of the Stamey-Meares test?

A

VB1 (bacterial culture), VB2 (midstream), VB3 (prostatic secretions), Post-prostatic massage urine

33
Q

What specimen in the Stamey-Meares test is used to test for urethral infection?

A

VB1

34
Q

What specimen in the Stamey-Meares test is used to test for urinary bladder infection?

A

VB2

35
Q

What is considered an abnormal result for prostatic secretion in the Stamey-Meares test?

A

10 to 20 WBC per HPF

36
Q

What is collected during a 24-hour timed urine specimen?

A

First morning urine is discarded, last collection is the first morning urine the next day

37
Q

What is the duration of the Addis count quantitation timed specimen?

A

12 hours

38
Q

For nitrite determination, how long should urine remain in the bladder before voiding?

A

4 hours

39
Q

What process ensures proper sample identification from collection to results?

A

Chain of Custody

40
Q

What is the required urine volume for drug testing?

A

30-45 mL

41
Q

What is the container capacity for drug testing?

A

60 mL

42
Q

What is the acceptable temperature range for drug testing within 4 minutes?

A

32.5 to 37.7 °C

43
Q

What is added to toilet water to prevent urine specimen adulteration?

A

Blueing agent

44
Q

What adulteration indicators are checked in urine drug testing?

A

pH > 9; S.G < 1.005

45
Q

What features should urine containers have?

A

Wide base, opening of at least 4 cm

46
Q

How much volume should a 24-hour urine container hold?

A

3L and may be colored for light-sensitive analytes

47
Q

What happens if urine is added before the start of a 24-hour urine collection period?

A

False increased results

48
Q

What happens if urine is not included at the end of a 24-hour urine collection?

A

False decreased results

49
Q

When UA and culture are both requested, which is performed first?

A

Culture before UA

AUBF (26 decks)

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