Syncope Flashcards

1
Q

Syncope may be defined as

A

transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion with rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous complete recovery

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2
Q

What is Reflex syncope

A

neurally mediated syncope

Includes, vasovagal, situational or carotid sinus syncope.

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3
Q

Describe vasovagal syncope

A

triggered by emotion, pain or stress. Often referred to as ‘fainting’

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4
Q

Situational syncope may be mediated by?

A

Cough, micturition, gastrointestinal

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5
Q

Causes of orthostatic syncope?

A

primary or secondary autonomic failure
drug-induced
volume depletion

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6
Q

Causes of primary autonomic failure

A

Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia

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7
Q

Causes of secondary autonomic failure

A

Diabetic neuropathy, amyloidosis, uraemia

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8
Q

Causes of drug - induced orthostatic syncope

A

diuretics, alcohol, vasodilators

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9
Q

Volume depletion orthostatic syncope

A

haemorrhage, diarrhoea

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10
Q

Cardiac syncope causes

A

arrhythmias

structural: valvular, myocardial infarction, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
others: pulmonary embolism

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11
Q

Most common cause of syncope in all age groups

A

Reflex syncope

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12
Q

orthostatic and cardiac causes become progressively more common in older patients.

A

true

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13
Q

Evaluation of syncope includes

A
cardiovascular examination
postural blood pressure readings
ECG
carotid sinus massage
tilt table test
24 hour ECG
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14
Q

Describe findings of postural blood pressure

A

a symptomatic fall in systolic BP > 20 mmHg or diastolic BP > 10 mmHg

or decrease in systolic BP < 90 mmHg

considered diagnostic of syncope

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15
Q

Orthostatic hypotension is more common in

A

older people and patients who have neurodegenerative disease (e.g. Parkinson’s) diabetes, or hypertension

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