Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th year passmedicine by topic > Infectious Diseases: The Basics > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases: The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

A

Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin

Doxycycline or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic

add flucloxacillin if staphylococci suspected e.g. In influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Pneumonia possibly caused by atypical pathogens

A

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Within 5 days of admission: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

More than 5 days after admission: piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Lower urinary tract infection

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin.

Alternative: amoxicillin or cephalosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Acute pyelonephritis

A

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Acute prostatitis

A

Quinolone or trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Impetigo

A

Topical hydrogen peroxide

Oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

Cellulitis (near the eyes or nose)
Co-amoxiclav (clarithromycin, + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Erysipelas

A

Flucloxacillin

clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Animal or human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav

doxycycline + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Mastitis during breast-feeding

A

Flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Throat infections

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

erythromycin alone if penicillin-allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Sinusitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Otitis media

A

Amoxicillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Otitis externa

A

Flucloxacillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Periapical or periodontal abscess

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Gonorrhoea

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

21
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

22
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Syphilis

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

23
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

24
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Clostridium difficile

A

First episode: metronidazole

Second or subsequent episode of infection: vancomycin

25
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Campylobacter enteritis

A

Clarithromycin

26
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Salmonella (non-typhoid)

A

Ciprofloxacin

27
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Shigellosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

28
Q

What type of vaccine is BCG?

A

Live attenuated

29
Q

What type of vaccine is influenza?

A

Live attenuated

30
Q

What type of vaccine is MMR?

A

Live attenuated

31
Q

What type of vaccine is oral polio?

A

Live attenuated

32
Q

Which vaccines are inactivated preparations?

A

rabies
hepatitis A
influenza (intramuscular)

33
Q

Which vaccines are inactivated toxins/toxoids?

A

tetanus
diphtheria
pertussis

34
Q

What type of vaccine is pneumococcus?

A

subunit/conjugate

35
Q

What type of vaccine is hepatitis B?

A

subunit/conjugate

36
Q

Give examples of

Gram-positive cocci

A

staphylococci + streptococci (including enterococci)

37
Q

Give examples of

Gram-negative cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis + Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also Moraxella catarrhalis

38
Q

Give examples of

Gram-positive rods (bacilli)

A 
ABCD L
Actinomyces
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
Clostridium
Diphtheria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
39
Q

Give examples of Gram-negative rods

A 
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella sp.
Shigella sp.
Campylobacter jejuni
40
Q

The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is offered to all adults over the age of 65 years and those with

A 
asplenia or splenic dysfunction
chronic respiratory disease
chronic heart disease
chronic kidney disease (at stages 4 and 5)
chronic liver disease
diabetes mellitus if requiring medication
immunosuppression
cochlear implants
patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks
41
Q

The Department of Health recommends annual influenza vaccination for people older than 65 years and those with:

A 
chronic respiratory disease
chronic heart disease
chronic kidney disease (at stages3, 4 and 5)
chronic liver disease
chronic neurological disease
diabetes mellitus
immunosuppression
asplenia or splenic dysfunction
pregnant women

Healthcare staff/residential care homes

42
Q

Identifying gram-positive bacteria - which type makes CATALASE

A

Staphylococci (not strep)

43
Q

Identifying gram-positive bacteria - which type makes COAGULASE

A

Staph Aureus

44
Q

Identifying gram-positive bacteria -

Describe hemolysis in streptococci

A 
partial haemolysis (green colour on blood agar): α-haemolytic
complete haemolysis (clear): β-haemolytic
no haemolysis: γ-haemolytic
45
Q

What is sepsis?

A

life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection

46
Q

What is septic shock?

A

a more severe form sepsis, technically defined as ‘in which circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater risk of mortality than with sepsis alone

47
Q

qSOFA score criteria include?

A

Respiratory rate > 22/min
Altered mentation
SYSTOLIC blood pressure < 100 mm Hg

48
Q

‘Sepsis Six’ includes?

A
  1. Administer oxygen: Aim to keep saturations > 94% (88-92% if at risk of CO2 retention e.g. COPD)
  2. Take blood cultures
  3. Give broad spectrum antibiotics
  4. Give intravenous fluid challenges: NICE recommend a bolus of 500ml crystalloid over less than 15 minutes
  5. Measure serum lactate
  6. Measure accurate hourly urine output

4th year passmedicine by topic (96 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions