Sympathetic NS

Question 1

what are the neurotransmitters secreted by the SNS

Answer 1

ACh at all pre-ganglionic terminals
NA at most post-ganglionic terminals
ACh at some specific post-ganglionic terminals eg sweat gland - muscarinic receptors
A and NA via bloodstream from adrenal medulla stimulation

Question 2

what does alpha 1 stimulation lead to

Answer 2

vasoconstriction - a1 is the main mediator or TPR (blocking can lead to postural hypertension)
relaxation of GIT

Question 3

what does alpha 2 stimulation lead to

Answer 3

inhibition of transmitter release
contraction of vascular smooth muscle
CNS actions

Question 4

what does beta 1 stimulation lead to

Answer 4

increase cardiac rate and force
relaxation of GIT
renin release from kidneys - primary anti-hypertensive effect of B1

Question 5

what odes beta 2 stimulation lead to

Answer 5

bronchodilation
vasodilation
relaxation of visceral smooth muscle
hepatic glycogenolysis

Question 6

what are the main clinical uses of SNS antagonists and false transmitters

Answer 6

hypertension
cardiac arrhythmias
angina
glaucoma

Question 7

what is methyldopa

Answer 7

false transmitter - blocks NA
used for antihypertensive effect 
has some CNS effects 
no adverse effects on foetus 
side effects - dry mouth, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, male sexual dysfunction