anti-emetics

Question 1

explain the physiology of nausea and vomiting

Answer 1

Question 2

name a seratonin receptor antagonists used as an anti-emetic and what are its side effects

Answer 2

ondansetron

headahce, sensation of flushing and warmth

constipation

Question 3

name a muscarinic receptor antagonist used as an anti-emetic and its side effects

Answer 3

hyoscine

side effects: anti-muscarinic effects - drowsiness, dry mouth, cyclopegia, mydraisis

Question 4

name a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist used as an anti-emetic and its side effects

Answer 4

metoclopramide

side effects in CNS - drowsiness, dizziness, anxiety, extrapyramidal reactions

side effects in endocrine system - hyperprolactinaemia, galactorrhoea, disorders of menstruation

Question 5

name a H1 competative antagonist used as an anti-emetic and its side effects

Answer 5

promethazine

side effects: dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, sedation

Question 6

what are the 4 main drug classes used as anti-emetics

Answer 6

phenothiazine derivative - competitve antagonist at histaminergic cholinergic receptors

dopamine D2 receptor antagonist

muscarininc receptor antagonist

serotonin receptor antagonist