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Pharmacology > ADRs > Flashcards

ADRs Flashcards

1
Q

what timeframe does an acute ADR occur in

A

within 1 hour

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2
Q

what timeframe does a sub-acute ADR occur in

A

1-24 hours

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3
Q

what timeframe does a latent ADR occur in

A

more than 2 days

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4
Q

what action is required in a mild ADR

A

no action necessary

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5
Q

what action is required in a moderate ADR

A

alter current therapy
additional treatment
hospitalisation

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6
Q

what can be the consequences of a severe ADR

A

disability

death

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7
Q

what are the features of a type A ADR

A

extension

extension of pharmacological effect
usually predicable and dose dependent
responsible for at least 2/3 of all ADRs

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8
Q

list some examples of a type A ADR

A

atenolol and heart block
ahtocholinergics and dry mouth
NSAIDs and peptic ulcer

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9
Q

what are the features of a type B ADR

A

idiosyncratic

includes allergy and pseudo-allergy
rare and unpredictable

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10
Q

what are the features of a type C ADR

A

chronic

associated with dose accumulation in long term use of a drug

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11
Q

what are the features of a type D ADR

A

delayed

sometimes dose dependent

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12
Q

what are the features of a type E ADR

A

withdrawal, rebound, adaptive

the patient is worse than before they were put on the drug

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13
Q

list some examples of a type B ADR

A

ACE inhibitors and angioedema

chloramphenicol and aplastic anaemia

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14
Q

list some examples of a type C ADR

A

methotrexate and liver fibrosis

antimalarials and ocular toxicity

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15
Q

list some examples of a type D ADR

A 
carcinogenic drug (immunosuppressants)
teratogenic drug (thalidomide)
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16
Q

list some examples of a type E ADR

A

withdrawal:
opiates
benzodiazepines
corticosteroids

rebound:
higher BP after stopping drug

adaptive:
neuroleptics

17
Q

list examples of enzyme (CYP450) inducers

A

this effect takes hours/days

rifampicin 
carbamazepine 
phenobarbitone
phenytoin 
St John's wort
18
Q

list examples of enzyme (CYP450) inhibitors

A

this effect takes minutes-hours

ritonavir and other HIV drugs
erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and other related antibiotics 
cimetidine 
fluoxetine and other SSRIs
grapefruit juice

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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