Swine Reproduction Flashcards
How long is the estrous cycle in the pig?
21 days
How long is estrus in the gilt?
In the sow?
gilt: 36-48 hours
sow: 48-72 hours
When does ovulation occur in the sow?
2/3 of the way through estrus
What are the physical and behavioral signs of estrus in the sow?
- vulva swelling and redness
- vaginal discharge
- restlessness and vocalization
- actively seeking boar
- pricking of ears
- lordosis response
Which accessory sex glands are present in the boar?
- prostate
- bulbourethral
- seminal vesicles
What are the methods of semen collection in the boar?
- artificial vagina
- electro-ejaculator
- gloved hand method
What is the length of gestation for the sow?
114 days
What type of placenta does the sow have?
epitheliochorial diffuse
What is the most common cause of infertility in the sow?
What is the second most common?
1st - hydosalpinx
2nd - cystic ovarian disease
What is the most common cause of porcine pregnancy loss?
Leptospirosis
How is leptospirosis prevented/controlled?
- vaccination every 6 months
- tetracyclines in the feed to reduce shedding
How is Brucella suis transmitted?
- carrier boars
- coitus or ingestion of infected material
- rabbits and rodents can spread it
What is caused by Brucella suis infection?
- abortions, stillbirths, infertility in sows
- orchitis in boars
What lesions are associated with Brucella suis infection?
granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, liver, and kidney
How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae transmitted?
- may pigs carry organism in tonsils
- via contaminated water and feed
What are the clinical signs associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection?
- arthritis in small pigs
- fever and skin lesions in gilts
- abortion secondary to fever and septicemia
What type of virus is Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive syndrome?
arterivirus
How is PRRS transmitted?
- in the semen
- direct contact
- aerosols
What are the two forms of PRRS?
- reproductive failure
- post-weaning respiratory disease
How is PRRS diagnosed?
- virus isolation from aborted fetuses
- herd serology
How is PRRS prevented/treated?
- symptomatic therapy
- vaccination
- isolation
What does SMEDI stand for?
S - stillbirths
M - mummies
ED - embryonic death
I - infertilty
What disease causes SMEDI?
porcine parvovirus
How is Porcine parvovirus transmitted?
oral or venereal
What are the clinical signs associated with porcine parvovirus?
- SMEDI
- usually no maternal signs
How is porcine parvovirus diagnosed?
- lesions of aborted fetuses
- increased irregular return to estrus
- increased mummies
- serology
How is porcine parvovirus treated/controlled?
- supportive care
- vaccination
What virus causes Pseudorabies?
herpesvirus
How is Pseudorabies transmitted?
- via semen
- nose-to-nose contact
- fecal-oral
- aerosol
What are the clinical signs associated with Pseudorabies?
- encephalitis, reproductive failure, reduced litter size
- fever, anorexia, weight loss
- CNS signs in young pigs
- respiratory signs in older pigs
- resorption, mummies, stillbirths, abortions
How is Pseudorabies diagnosed?
- gross +/- histological lesions
- virus isolation
- serology
What are the clinical signs associated with Hog Cholera?
- anorexia
- cyanosis
- fever
- diarrhea, vomiting
- abortions
What organism causes Zearalenone?
Fusarium roseum
What are the clinical signs associated with Zearalenone?
- implantation failure
- estrus, mammary development, and vaginal discharge
- enlarged vulva with delayed maturity
- vaginal and/or rectal prolapses
- reduced testicular development and feminization in males
