Reproductive Disease in the Bull (and BSE) Flashcards
What is the minimum progressive motility of sperm in the bull?
30%
What is the minimum percentage of normal sperm morphology in the bull?
70%
What is a “cork screw” claw?
when lateral claws grow at a faster pace than the medial claws
What are the methods of semen collection in the bull?
- electro-ejaculation
- manual massage
- AV collection
Define a primary morphological abnormality of sperm
a defect that originates in the testis during spermatogenesis
- a production problem
- usually involves head and middle piece
Define a secondary morphological abnormality of sperm
a defect that originates in the epididymis
- a transit defect
Define a major morphological defect of sperm
defect that has been proven to be associated with infertility
Define a minor morphological defect of sperm
defect that is not associated with infertility
Define a compensable morphological defect of sperm
a defect that can be compensated for by additional normal sperm
What is the etiology of penile papilloma?
- Bovine papilloma virus
- hommsexual riding among young bulls
How is penile papilloma transmitted?
enters via wounds
What are the clinical signs of penile papilloma?
- scant hemorrhage after coitus
- hesitance to extend penis or to breed
- usually a single, pedunculated growth
How is penile papilloma treated?
surgical excision
What are the complications associated with penile papilloma?
- urethral injury
- recurrence
What is the etiology of penile hair rings?
- body hair accumulation on penis
- homosexual riding among young bulls
What are the complications associated with penile hair rings?
- necrosis of urethra resulting in fistula
- amputation of glans penis
What is the etiology of persistent frenulum?
- incomplete separation of penis and prepuce
- penis cannot extend, resulting in ventral deviation
- heritable
What is the treatment for persistent frenulum?
surgical excision
What breed of bull is more susceptible to preputial injuries?
Bos indicus
- sheath hangs lower
What is the conservative therapy for preputial lacerations?
- clean damaged tissues
- emollient ointment “petercillin”
- bandaging and slings
What is the pre-surgical therapy for preputial lacerations?
- reduce edema
- petercillin
- prophylactic antibiotics
What are the surgical treatments for preputial lacerations?
- resection and anastomosis
- amputation of affected prepuce
- preputial reconstruction
Which breed of cattle is more predisposed to penile hematoma?
Hereford
How does a penile hematoma usually occur?
- bull misses vagina on breeding thrust, penis hits rear of cow or cow slips and goes down
- penis bends rapidly
- reduces volume and increases pressure of CCP
- ruptures at dorsal aspect of distal bend of sigmoid flexure
