Reproductive Disease in the Bull (and BSE) Flashcards
What is the minimum progressive motility of sperm in the bull?
30%
What is the minimum percentage of normal sperm morphology in the bull?
70%
What is a “cork screw” claw?
when lateral claws grow at a faster pace than the medial claws
What are the methods of semen collection in the bull?
- electro-ejaculation
- manual massage
- AV collection
Define a primary morphological abnormality of sperm
a defect that originates in the testis during spermatogenesis
- a production problem
- usually involves head and middle piece
Define a secondary morphological abnormality of sperm
a defect that originates in the epididymis
- a transit defect
Define a major morphological defect of sperm
defect that has been proven to be associated with infertility
Define a minor morphological defect of sperm
defect that is not associated with infertility
Define a compensable morphological defect of sperm
a defect that can be compensated for by additional normal sperm
What is the etiology of penile papilloma?
- Bovine papilloma virus
- hommsexual riding among young bulls
How is penile papilloma transmitted?
enters via wounds
What are the clinical signs of penile papilloma?
- scant hemorrhage after coitus
- hesitance to extend penis or to breed
- usually a single, pedunculated growth
How is penile papilloma treated?
surgical excision
What are the complications associated with penile papilloma?
- urethral injury
- recurrence
What is the etiology of penile hair rings?
- body hair accumulation on penis
- homosexual riding among young bulls
What are the complications associated with penile hair rings?
- necrosis of urethra resulting in fistula
- amputation of glans penis
What is the etiology of persistent frenulum?
- incomplete separation of penis and prepuce
- penis cannot extend, resulting in ventral deviation
- heritable
What is the treatment for persistent frenulum?
surgical excision
What breed of bull is more susceptible to preputial injuries?
Bos indicus
- sheath hangs lower
What is the conservative therapy for preputial lacerations?
- clean damaged tissues
- emollient ointment “petercillin”
- bandaging and slings
What is the pre-surgical therapy for preputial lacerations?
- reduce edema
- petercillin
- prophylactic antibiotics
What are the surgical treatments for preputial lacerations?
- resection and anastomosis
- amputation of affected prepuce
- preputial reconstruction
Which breed of cattle is more predisposed to penile hematoma?
Hereford
How does a penile hematoma usually occur?
- bull misses vagina on breeding thrust, penis hits rear of cow or cow slips and goes down
- penis bends rapidly
- reduces volume and increases pressure of CCP
- ruptures at dorsal aspect of distal bend of sigmoid flexure
What are the clinical signs of penile hematoma?
swelling of sheath immediately cranial to base of scrotum
What is the conservative/medical treatment for penile hematoma?
- sexual rest for 60 days at least
- systemic antibiotics
- hydrotherapy
What is the surgical treatment for penile hematoma?
- perform 3-7 days after injury
- repair defect in tunica albuginea
- post-op antibiotics
- minimum 60 days sexual rest
What is preputial avulsion?
prepuce is torn off from connection to free portion of penis
Why does an S-shaped penile deviation occur?
apical ligament is too short
Why does a rainbow/ventral penile deviation occur?
apical ligament is too long
Why does a corkscrew or spiral penile deviation occur?
apical ligament cannot be maintained in normal position
Which organisms are the usual cause of vesiculitis?
B. abortus
A. pyogenes
H. somnus
What are the clinical features of vesiculitis?
- vesicular glands painful on palpation
- loss of lobulation
How is vesiculitis treated?
tetracyclines
Which organisms are the usual cause of epididymitis?
T. pyogenes
B. abortus
What is the clinical manifestation of epididymitis?
- swollen and painful early in disease
- becomes small, hard, and misshapen
How is epididymitis treated?
tetracyclines
