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Theriogenology > Sheep and Goat Reproduction > Flashcards

Sheep and Goat Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the length of the estrous cycle in the sheep?

In the goat?

A

sheep - 17 days

goat - 21 days

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2
Q

What is the length of estrus in the sheep?

In the goat?

A

sheep - 30 hours

goat - 36 hours

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3
Q

What is the length of gestation in the sheep?

In the goat?

A

sheep - 147 days

goat - 150 days

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4
Q

What is the source of P4 in the sheep?

In the goat?

A

sheep - placenta

goat - CL

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5
Q

What is flushing?

A

increasing nutrient uptake by 20-30% 2-3 weeks prior to breeding

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6
Q

What hormone is responsible for maternal recognition?

A

interferon tau

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7
Q

What type of placenta does the sheep and goat have?

A

cotyledonary epitheliochorial

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8
Q

What are the common causes of dystocia in the sheep and goat?

A
  • fetal postural abnormalities
  • multiple fetuses trying to exit at the same time
  • singletons too large
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9
Q

What is Ringwomb?

A
  • failure of cervix to completely dilate

- considered heritable

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10
Q

When does pregnancy toxemia usually occur?

A
  • final trimester
  • multiple fetuses
  • obese or thin ewes
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11
Q

What are the treatment options for pregnancy toxemia?

A
  • remove fetuses (C-section, induction)
  • glucose IV, dextrose IV
  • propylene glycol by mouth
  • B vitamins to stimulate appetite
  • transfaunation
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12
Q

What can result from ingestion of Veratrum californicum?

A
  • EED in early gestation
  • cyclops if between 12-14 days
  • arthrogryposis
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13
Q

What can result from ingestion of locoweed?

A
  • abortion
  • arthrogryposis
  • decreased spermatogenesis in rams
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14
Q

What can result from ingestion of broomweed?

A
  • abortion
  • retained fetal membranes
  • arthrogryposis
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15
Q

What can result from ingestion of estrogen-producing plants?

A
  • hyperestrogenism
  • vaginal prolapse
  • subclinical reproductive impairment
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16
Q

How is bluetongue virus transmitted?

A

Cullicoides species

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with bluetongue?

A
  • fever
  • swollen ears, face, and tongue
  • +/- abortion
  • fetal malformations (hydroencephaly and arthrogryposis)
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18
Q

What type of virus is border disease?

A

Pestivirus

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19
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Border Disease Virus

A
  • oral transmission
  • infected fetoplacental unit
  • EED, resorption, mummies, congenital defects, PI animals
20
Q

What congenital defects can be caused by Border Disease virus?

A

hydroencephaly

cerebellar hypoplasia

21
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Border Disease Virus?

A
  • weak, hairy lambs
  • darker pigmentation
  • tremors
22
Q

How is Border Disease virus diagnosed?

A

virus isolation

23
Q

How is Cache Valley disease transmitted?

A

mosquitoes

24
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Cache Valley disease?

A
  • fever and depression

- stillbirth, congenital defects

25
Q

What are the congenital defects that can result from Cache Valley disease?

A
  • arthrogryposis
  • brachygnathia
  • hydroencephaly, microencephaly
26
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Akabane virus?

A
  • none in dam
  • arthrogryposis
  • hydroencephaly
  • hydrocephalus
27
Q

How is Akabane virus transmitted?

A

Cullicoides and mosquitoes

28
Q

What is caused by infection with Brucella melitensis?

A
  • abortion, weak kids, mastitis

- may cause abortion in ewe

29
Q

What is caused by infection with Brucella ovis?

A
  • epididymitis in rams

- rarely causes abortion in sheep

30
Q

What is the most significant cause of abortion in sheep in North America?

A

Campylobacter

31
Q

How is Campylobacter transmitted?

A

fetal fluids, fetus, placenta

32
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Campylobacter infection?

A
  • late term abortions
  • stillbirths
  • hepatic necrosis
33
Q

What is the cause of Enzootic abortion in ewes?

A

Chlamydophilia abortus

34
Q

How is Chlamydophilia abortus diagnosed?

A

histopathology Zeil Neilson stain

35
Q

How is Chlamydophilia abortus treated/controlled?

A
  • tetracyclines in outbreak and prophylactic
36
Q

What lesions are caused by Chlamydophilia abortus infection?

A

necrotic placentitis of cotyledonary and intercotyledonary areas

37
Q

What organism causes Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

38
Q

How is Coxiella burnetii transmitted?

A

any fluids

- oral, respiratory, ticks, semen

39
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Coxiella burnetii infection?

A
  • usually subclinical
  • abortion outbreaks
  • placentitis, abortion, or stillbirth
40
Q

How is Coxiella burnetii infection diagnosed?

A
  • placental lesions

- necrotizing placentitis of both cotyledonary and intercotyledonary regions

41
Q

How is Coxiella burnetii infection treated?

A

tetracyclines

42
Q

Where is Listeria monocytogenes usually found?

A

in rotting hay or improperly stored silage

43
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection?

A
  • resorption or mummification (30-90 days)
  • abortion (last 1/2 gestation)
  • weak lambs/kids
  • neurologic if immunosuppressed
44
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii diagnosed?

A
  • cotyledons have white to yellow areas of focal necrosis
  • culture from fetus and placenta
  • serology
45
Q

What is satisfactory scrotal circumference in the ram?

A

20-30

46
Q

What is a variocele?

A

localized dilation of spermatic vein

- hard swelling in cord

Theriogenology (17 decks)

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