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Theriogenology > Female Reproductive Anatomy and Hormones > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Anatomy and Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A
  • serosa (outer)
  • muscularis (outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer)
  • mucosa (inner)
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2
Q

Where do you take a swab to determine the heat cycle of a bitch?

A

cranial vagina

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3
Q

Describe primordial follicles

A

small layer of squamous cells around the oocyte

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4
Q

Describe primary follicles

A

single layer of cuboidal cells around the oocyte

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5
Q

Describe secondary follicles

A
  • two cell layers surround oocyte
  • no antrum/cavity
  • surrounded by zona pellucida
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6
Q

Describe tertiary follicles

A
  • developing antrum/cavity

- cells start to produce estrogen

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7
Q

Describe a dominant follicle and it’s actions/effects

A
  • thin-walled blister-like
  • inhibits growth of other follicles
  • produces estrogen
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8
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

ampullar-isthmus junction

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9
Q

Describe the features of the cow uterus

A
  • broad ligament attaches on dorsal aspect and allows uterus to hang
  • small uterine body
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10
Q

Describe the features of the ewe uterus

A
  • ovulate more follicles than larger ruminants

- oviducts are corrugated

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11
Q

Describe the features of the sow uterus

A
  • long uterine horns
  • small ovaries that ovulate frequently
  • corkscrew shaped cervix
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12
Q

Describe the features of the mare uterus

A
  • strong broad ligament
  • large uterine body
  • infundibulum attaches to the ovary
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13
Q

Describe the features of the bitch uterus

A
  • small uterine body, long uterine horns
  • small vestibule and large cranial vagina
  • adipose tissue surrounds uterus
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14
Q

What is the source of GnRH?

A

hypothalamic surge and tonic centers

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15
Q

What is the target tissue of GnRH, and what are its actions?

A
  • targets anterior pituitary

- release of FSH and LH from pituitary

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16
Q

What is the source of LH?

A

anterior pituitary

17
Q

What is the male target tissue and subsequent action of LH?

A
  • targets leydig cells in the testes

- stimulates testosterone production

18
Q

What is the female target tissue and subsequent action of LH?

A
  • targets theca interna cells of the ovary

- stimulates ovulation, formation of CL, and progesterone secretion

19
Q

What is the source of FSH?

A

anterior pituitary

20
Q

What is the male target tissue and subsequent action of FSH?

A
  • targets sertoli cells of the testes

- activates sertoli cell function

21
Q

What is the female target tissue and subsequent action of FSH?

A
  • targets granulosa cells of the ovary

- stimulates follicular development and estradiol synthesis

22
Q

What is the source of oxytocin?

A

posterior pituitary

23
Q

What is the action of oxytocin?

A

stimulates uterine motility
promotes uterine PGF2a synthesis
stimulates milk ejection

24
Q

What is the source of estradiol?

A
  • granulosa cells of follicle and placenta

- sertoli cells of testes

25
Q

What are the actions of estradiol?

A
  • sexual behavior
  • elevated secretory activity of repro tract
  • enhanced uterine motility
26
Q

What is the source of progesterone?

A

CL and placenta

27
Q

What are the actions of progesterone?

A
  • endometrial secretion
  • inhibits GnRH release
  • inhibits reproductive behavior
  • promotes maintenance of pregnancy
28
Q

What is the source of testosterone?

A
  • leydig cells of testes

- theca interna cells

29
Q

What are the actions of testosterone in the male?

A
  • anabolic growth
  • promotes spermatogenesis
  • promotes secretion of accessory sex glands
30
Q

What is the source of activin and inhibin?

A

granulosa cells

sertoli cells

31
Q

What is the target tissue for activin and inhibin?

A

gonadotropes of anterior pituitary

32
Q

What is the action of inhibin? Of activin?

A

inhibin - inhibits FSH secretion

activin - stimulates FSH secretion

33
Q

What is the source of PGF2a?

A

uterine endometrium and vesicular cells

34
Q

What is the action of PGF2a on the male?

A
  • affects metabolic activity of spermatozoa

- causes epididymal contractions

35
Q

What is the action of PGF2a on the female?

A
  • luteolysis
  • promotes uterine tone and contraction
  • ovulation
36
Q

What is the source of PGE2?

A

ovary, uterus, and embryonic membranes

37
Q

What are the actions of PGE2?

A
  • ovulation

- stimulates CL secretion of progesterone

Theriogenology (17 decks)

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